{
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    "zh": "原则与认知机制 · 经典基础",
    "en": "Principles & cognition · Classic foundation"
  },
  "headline": {
    "zh": "UX 设计原则 Top 10：10 大经典可用性与认知法则",
    "en": "Top 10 Classic UX Design Principles and Usability Laws"
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    "disclaimer": "Seat numbers are editorial positions, not scores, rankings, or popularity measurements. A list that is not filled is left as it is.",
    "titleNote": "“Top” in the title is a search convention. This edition is an editorial selection, not a ranking, a score, or a measure of popularity.",
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      "editorial-reconstruction": "The seat was filled by editorial judgement in this repository."
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      "entry": "proximity",
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      "name": "Proximity",
      "type": "principle",
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      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/proximity.json"
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      "seat": 2,
      "entry": "recognition",
      "origin": "editorial-reconstruction",
      "reason": "Covers not making people retrieve from memory; the mechanism is keeping options visible.",
      "name": "Recognition Rather Than Recall",
      "type": "principle",
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      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/recognition.json"
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      "seat": 3,
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      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "Covers grouping cues beyond position, showing non-adjacent elements can still read as one group.",
      "name": "Similarity",
      "type": "principle",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/similarity/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/similarity.json"
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    {
      "seat": 4,
      "entry": "figure-ground",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "Covers the separation of subject from backdrop — a different mechanism from grouping.",
      "name": "Figure–Ground",
      "type": "principle",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/figure-ground/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/figure-ground.json"
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      "reason": "Adds a quantitative model, showing this category also contains constraints you can compute.",
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      "type": "principle",
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      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/fitts-law.json"
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      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "Covers how the number of options relates to decision time — a different mechanism from recognition over recall.",
      "name": "Hick–Hyman Law",
      "type": "principle",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/hick-hyman-law/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/hick-hyman-law.json"
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    {
      "seat": 7,
      "entry": "visibility-of-system-status",
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      "reason": "Raises “the system must say what is going on” to the level of a principle; its realisations live in the microinteraction category.",
      "name": "Visibility of System Status",
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      "seat": 8,
      "entry": "consistency",
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      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/consistency.json"
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      "seat": 9,
      "entry": "error-prevention",
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      "reason": "Covers removing the conditions before a problem occurs, as distinct from writing good error messages.",
      "name": "Error Prevention",
      "type": "principle",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/error-prevention/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/error-prevention.json"
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      "seat": 10,
      "entry": "user-control",
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      "reason": "Covers the requirement for a clearly marked way out — the principle behind undo and redo.",
      "name": "User Control and Freedom",
      "type": "principle",
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    "id": "P-C",
    "category": "principle",
    "edition": "classic",
    "name": {
      "zh": "原则与认知机制 · 经典基础",
      "en": "Principles & cognition · Classic foundation"
    },
    "headline": {
      "zh": "UX 设计原则 Top 10：10 大经典可用性与认知法则",
      "en": "Top 10 Classic UX Design Principles and Usability Laws"
    },
    "note": "A classic foundation for principles and cognition, drawn from long-standing usability and cognition discussion rather than any ranking of effectiveness.",
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      "UX design principles",
      "usability heuristics",
      "design psychology",
      "Fitts's law",
      "Hick's law",
      "Gestalt principles",
      "Nielsen heuristics",
      "cognitive load"
    ],
    "lead": "This edition collects the cognitive mechanisms and usability principles you can actually apply when judging an interface. They are not style preferences: saying “the grouping is unclear” is already a reference to one of them.",
    "criteria": [
      "It comes from long-standing usability or cognition discussion and has a verifiable source.",
      "It can say through what mechanism it works, not merely offer advice.",
      "Its mechanism differs from its neighbours; it is not the same principle reworded."
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    "pairing": "Against the 2026 focus edition, this one depends less on a particular technical setting. An entry in both lists is a principle raised again in a new context.",
    "evidence": "These principles do not score against each other; they hold simultaneously from different angles. Two of them are quantitative models whose scope follows their original study conditions — see each entry's sources.",
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        "seat": 1,
        "entry": "proximity",
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      },
      {
        "seat": 2,
        "entry": "recognition",
        "origin": "editorial-reconstruction",
        "reason": "Covers not making people retrieve from memory; the mechanism is keeping options visible."
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        "seat": 3,
        "entry": "similarity",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "Covers grouping cues beyond position, showing non-adjacent elements can still read as one group."
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        "seat": 4,
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        "seat": 6,
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        "seat": 7,
        "entry": "visibility-of-system-status",
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      },
      {
        "seat": 8,
        "entry": "consistency",
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        "seat": 9,
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        "reason": "Covers removing the conditions before a problem occurs, as distinct from writing good error messages."
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        "seat": 10,
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