{ "_description": "本文件由 data/ 生成：请改动来源文件，不要改这里。各字段的证据边界见接入指南。", "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "kind": "entry", "locale": "zh-CN", "id": "assignment", "name": { "zh": "指派", "en": "Assign" }, "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/assignment/", "self": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/assignment.json", "alternates": { "zh-CN": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/assignment.json", "en": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/assignment.json" }, "site": { "catalogSchemaVersion": "0.1.0", "entries": 137, "index": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/index.json", "query": "https://designvocabulary.com/api/query?lang=zh", "guide": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/agents/", "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt" }, "provenance": { "sourceBacked": [ "entry.definition" ], "editorial": [ "entry.boundary", "entry.signature", "entry.when", "entry.when_not", "entry.tradeoff", "entry.comparison", "entry.rules", "entry.relations", "entry.implementationNote", "entry.behavior" ], "scope": "定义参考以上来源；数字界面示例、选择建议、条件关系及配方由本样例编辑，尚未经用户研究验证。", "editorialStatus": "drafted", "specimenData": "fictional", "specimenNote": "示例为原创虚构界面；定义附来源，用法与配方为编辑建议。", "sources": [ { "id": "assign-support-ticket", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_ticket", "title": "Wikipedia · Support ticket", "checkedAt": "2026-09-16", "archive": { "status": "unconfirmed", "confirmed": false, "url": null, "capturedAt": null, "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_ticket" } }, { "id": "assign-raci", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsibility_assignment_matrix", "title": "Wikipedia · Responsibility assignment matrix", "checkedAt": "2026-09-16", "archive": { "status": "unconfirmed", "confirmed": false, "url": null, "capturedAt": null, "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsibility_assignment_matrix" } } ], "lists": [], "ordered": false, "listDisclaimer": "席位号是编辑位置，不是评分、排名或人气统计；清单未收满时保持原样，不补足。" }, "entry": { "id": "assignment", "type": "interaction", "name": { "zh": "指派", "en": "Assign" }, "aliases": [ "Assignment", "Assignee", "分配负责人", "认领" ], "granularity": "flow", "intents": [ "require-approval", "organize-content" ], "tags": [ "负责人", "协作", "任务", "责任", "工单" ], "definition": "把一件待办事项交给某一个人，使这条记录从此有一个明确的负责人：该负责人在列表与筛选中可见，被指派时会收到通知，并可在事情转手时被替换。", "boundary": "本词条讨论的是界面上\"把某件事交给某人\"这一操作，不讨论组织内部如何分工，也不等同于权限授予——被指派不自动意味着获得了操作权限。判定标准是\"这条记录在任一时刻有一个明确的负责人\"：把同一件事同时指派给多人会让责任重新变得模糊，那属于协作者或关注者，而不是指派。它也不是待办清单的排序：指派回答的是谁来做，不是什么时候做。", "signature": [ "每条记录在任一时刻只有一个负责人字段", "被指派的人收到通知，并能在自己的视图中筛选出这些记录", "负责人可以被更换，交接过程留下可追溯的记录" ], "when": [ "多人共用一份待办列表，需要避免重复处理或无人认领", "事情会在人与人之间转手，需要知道现在归谁", "需要按人查看工作量或积压情况" ], "when_not": [ "把同一条记录同时指派给多人，责任重新变得模糊", "用指派代替沟通，被指派者事先完全不知情", "团队规模很小且事情本来就当面分派，字段只是额外维护成本" ], "tradeoff": "明确的负责人消除了\"我以为别人在处理\"的空档，代价是它把责任固定在一个人身上：负责人休假、离职或判断失误时，如果没有人定期回看未认领与长期滞留的记录，事情会静静地卡住。", "comparison": { "focus": "让每件事在任一时刻都有一个明确的负责人", "mechanism": "单一负责人字段加通知与按人筛选", "cost": "责任固定在一个人身上，滞留需要被主动回看" }, "sources": [ { "id": "assign-support-ticket", "title": "Wikipedia · Support ticket", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_ticket", "claim": "该条目说明工单是对某一具体问题及其状态的持续记录，常用于协作环境，并指出在筛选阶段之后应恰好有一个人被赋予推进该问题的正式责任，这一责任在问题演进过程中会多次转手；本词条的\"单一负责人\"与\"可转手\"据此转述。", "checkedAt": "2026-09-16", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_ticket", "status": "unconfirmed", "checkedAt": "2026-09-22T12:00:10.112Z", "error": "save-request-failed" } }, { "id": "assign-raci", "title": "Wikipedia · Responsibility assignment matrix", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsibility_assignment_matrix", "claim": "该条目描述责任分配矩阵把\"执行\"与\"负责\"等角色分开，用以说明一项工作由谁完成、由谁对结果负责；本词条据此划清边界：界面上的指派字段记录的是其中一种角色，不能代表组织内完整的责任分工。", "checkedAt": "2026-09-16", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsibility_assignment_matrix", "status": "unconfirmed", "checkedAt": "2026-09-22T12:00:25.516Z", "error": "save-request-failed" } } ], "relations": [ { "target": "human-approval", "kind": "related", "condition": "某个动作在执行前需要一个具体的人点头", "reason": "指派确定\"谁来做\"，人工审批确定\"谁来放行\"；两者都把责任落到具体的人，但发生在流程的不同位置。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "search-and-filter", "kind": "composes_with", "condition": "用户需要只看归属于自己的记录", "reason": "负责人字段的实际价值来自能按它筛选；没有筛选，指派只是一条不被使用的元数据。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "batch-actions", "kind": "composes_with", "condition": "需要一次把多条记录交给同一个人", "reason": "批量指派能显著降低分派成本，但也更容易一次性压垮某个人，因此需要在执行前显示影响范围。", "basis": "editorial" } ], "rules": [ { "when": "一条记录被指派给某人", "instruction": "通知被指派者，并说明这条记录要求他们做什么、期限是什么；不要只更新字段。", "strength": "must", "basis": "editorial" }, { "when": "负责人被更换", "instruction": "保留变更记录与原负责人，使交接可追溯，并同时通知双方。", "strength": "recommend", "basis": "editorial" } ], "behavior": { "states": [ "unassigned", "assigned", "reassigned" ], "a11y": [ "负责人不只用头像表示，另有可朗读的姓名文本", "指派控件可键盘操作，变更结果通过状态消息播报" ], "motion": "指派结果立即生效，无需动画" }, "demo": null, "version": "0.1.0", "editorialStatus": "drafted", "requirements": [], "demoCapabilities": [], "implementationNote": "本词条尚无可操作示例；插画为编辑示意，其中的人名与任务均为虚构。应用到产品前仍须确认被指派者确实收到通知，并检查长期无人认领的记录是否会被定期回看。", "image": { "src": "/images/assignment.webp", "alt": "一张名为 FIELDNOTES 的虚构任务列表示意：每行左侧是灰色占位任务标题条，右侧是一个负责人头像；其中一行的头像被点开，弹出一个可搜索的人员选择列表。" }, "searchTerms": [ "assignee", "collaboration", "task", "accountability", "ticket" ] } }