{ "_description": "本文件由 data/ 生成：请改动来源文件，不要改这里。各字段的证据边界见接入指南。", "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "kind": "entry", "locale": "zh-CN", "id": "double-diamond", "name": { "zh": "双钻模型", "en": "Double Diamond" }, "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/double-diamond/", "self": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/double-diamond.json", "alternates": { "zh-CN": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/double-diamond.json", "en": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/double-diamond.json" }, "site": { "catalogSchemaVersion": "0.1.0", "entries": 158, "index": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/index.json", "query": "https://designvocabulary.com/api/query?lang=zh", "guide": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/agents/", "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt" }, "provenance": { "sourceBacked": [ "entry.definition" ], "editorial": [ "entry.boundary", "entry.signature", "entry.when", "entry.when_not", "entry.tradeoff", "entry.comparison", "entry.rules", "entry.relations", "entry.implementationNote", "entry.philosophy" ], "scope": "定义参考以上来源；数字界面示例、选择建议、条件关系及配方由本样例编辑，尚未经用户研究验证。", "editorialStatus": "drafted", "specimenData": "fictional", "specimenNote": "示例为原创虚构界面；定义附来源，用法与配方为编辑建议。", "sources": [ { "id": "doublediamond-designcouncil", "url": "https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-resources/the-double-diamond/", "title": "Design Council · The Double Diamond", "checkedAt": "2026-10-20", "archive": { "status": "unconfirmed", "confirmed": false, "url": null, "capturedAt": null, "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261020*/https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-resources/the-double-diamond/" } }, { "id": "doublediamond-history", "url": "https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-resources/the-double-diamond/history-of-the-double-diamond/", "title": "Design Council · History of the Double Diamond", "checkedAt": "2026-10-20", "archive": { "status": "unconfirmed", "confirmed": false, "url": null, "capturedAt": null, "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261020*/https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-resources/the-double-diamond/history-of-the-double-diamond/" } }, { "id": "doublediamond-15-years", "url": "https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-work/projects-programmes/archive/article/double-diamond-15-years/", "title": "Design Council · The Double Diamond: 15 years on", "checkedAt": "2026-10-20", "archive": { "status": "unconfirmed", "confirmed": false, "url": null, "capturedAt": null, "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261020*/https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-work/projects-programmes/archive/article/double-diamond-15-years/" } } ], "lists": [], "ordered": false, "listDisclaimer": "席位号是编辑位置，不是评分、排名或人气统计；清单未收满时保持原样，不补足。" }, "entry": { "id": "double-diamond", "type": "philosophy", "name": { "zh": "双钻模型", "en": "Double Diamond" }, "aliases": [ "Double Diamond Model", "Framework for Innovation", "双钻石模型", "双菱形模型" ], "granularity": "experience", "intents": [ "understand-users", "include-users", "reduce-complexity" ], "tags": [ "设计流程", "发散", "收敛", "问题定义", "迭代" ], "definition": "英国设计委员会（Design Council）用两个菱形描述设计过程：第一个菱形先发散地探索问题、再收敛到对问题的重新定义（发现、定义），第二个菱形先发散地提出多种方案、再收敛到经过小规模测试的方案（发展、交付）。它的要点是先确认解决的是对的问题，再去把问题解决好。", "boundary": "双钻模型是对设计过程的一种描述，不是一份按顺序执行的操作手册：设计委员会自己说明它不依赖特定的方法与工具，后来的创新框架（Framework for Innovation）也把\"发现之后退回起点\"与\"很早就测试粗糙想法\"画了进去。它不等于以人为中心的设计：后者是把人的需求与情境置于中心的原则与心态，双钻模型是组织工作阶段的一张图，两者常一起使用，但走完四个阶段并不保证真正理解了人。它也不是\"设计思维\"的五阶段模型，两者阶段划分不同，本词条不把它们当作同一套流程。", "signature": [ "项目计划里明确区分\"弄清问题\"与\"解决问题\"两个阶段", "每个阶段先有一段刻意放宽范围的探索，再有一次明确的收敛决定", "定义阶段的产出是一份重新表述的问题，而不是一个方案" ], "when": [ "团队对\"到底要解决什么问题\"还没有共识", "需要向非设计背景的合作者说明设计工作分哪几步、每步产出什么", "项目有足够时间先做探索，而不是一开始就锁定方案" ], "when_not": [ "把四个阶段当成只走一遍的瀑布流程，发现新问题也不回头", "用画好的双钻图代替真正的用户研究与测试", "问题已经清楚、只需小改动，硬套完整的四阶段只增加开销" ], "tradeoff": "两个菱形把\"先发散再收敛\"和\"先定义问题再求解\"变成一张人人看得懂的图，便于跨职能团队对齐阶段与产出；代价是这张图过于整齐，容易被读成线性流程——真实项目常常需要在阶段之间来回，图本身也不告诉你每个阶段具体该怎么做。", "comparison": { "focus": "先确认要解决的问题，再解决它", "mechanism": "用两轮发散与收敛组织发现、定义、发展、交付四个阶段", "cost": "图形整齐，容易被误读为只走一遍的线性流程" }, "sources": [ { "id": "doublediamond-designcouncil", "title": "Design Council · The Double Diamond", "url": "https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-resources/the-double-diamond/", "claim": "设计委员会的这一页把双钻模型称为被普遍接受的设计过程描述，列出四个阶段：发现（与受影响的人相处以理解真实问题，而非假设）、定义（用发现阶段的洞察重新框定挑战）、发展（借鉴他处并与不同的人共同设计以产生多种方案）、交付（小规模测试方案、放弃不可行的、改进可行的）；页面说明它不依赖所用的方法与工具，并说明创新框架是其扩展版本，纳入了发现后退回起点与很早测试想法的情况。本词条的定义、四阶段与\"不是操作手册\"的边界据此转述。", "checkedAt": "2026-10-20", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261020*/https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-resources/the-double-diamond/", "status": "unconfirmed", "checkedAt": "2026-10-20T08:00:10.160Z", "error": "save-request-failed" } }, { "id": "doublediamond-history", "title": "Design Council · History of the Double Diamond", "url": "https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-resources/the-double-diamond/history-of-the-double-diamond/", "claim": "该页记载：2003 年，时任设计委员会设计与创新总监的 Richard Eisermann 向团队提出\"如何描述设计过程\"的问题，由此开始这一模型的工作；风筝形的过程图早在 1960 年代就有人引用；设计委员会从 2004 年起在会议、演示与客户工作中公开使用双钻模型，2007 年的报告《11 Lessons on Managing Design》以它为结构。本词条据此说明模型的来源与时间，不采用页面未给出的其他年份。", "checkedAt": "2026-10-20", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261020*/https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-resources/the-double-diamond/history-of-the-double-diamond/", "status": "unconfirmed", "checkedAt": "2026-10-20T08:00:10.859Z", "error": "save-request-failed" } }, { "id": "doublediamond-15-years", "title": "Design Council · The Double Diamond: 15 years on", "url": "https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-work/projects-programmes/archive/article/double-diamond-15-years/", "claim": "设计委员会首席设计官 Cat Drew 于 2019 年 9 月 3 日发表的这篇文章回顾双钻模型诞生十五年，说明它于 2002 至 2004 年间在设计委员会形成，并随文发布新的创新框架（Framework for Innovation）供下载。本词条关于\"2019 年以创新框架扩展双钻\"的说法据此转述。", "checkedAt": "2026-10-20", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261020*/https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-work/projects-programmes/archive/article/double-diamond-15-years/", "status": "unconfirmed", "checkedAt": "2026-10-20T08:00:12.960Z", "error": "save-request-failed" } } ], "relations": [ { "target": "human-centered-design", "kind": "composes_with", "condition": "用阶段图组织以人为中心的项目", "reason": "以人为中心的设计提供原则与心态，双钻模型提供阶段与产出的划分；只有阶段图而没有与真实使用者的反复接触，四个阶段只是形式。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "participatory-design", "kind": "composes_with", "condition": "在发展阶段需要与受影响的人共同提出方案", "reason": "设计委员会把共同设计列为发展阶段的做法之一；参与式设计进一步要求这些人对取舍拥有实际决定权。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "systems-thinking", "kind": "composes_with", "condition": "问题定义牵涉多方与反馈回路", "reason": "发现阶段的发散探索若只看单个用户，容易漏掉问题背后的结构；系统思考帮助在定义阶段把问题框得更准。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "lean-ux", "kind": "related", "condition": "选择组织设计工作的方式", "reason": "双钻模型强调在动手解决之前先充分定义问题，精益 UX 强调尽早把假设做成小实验；两者都要求迭代，但前者更适合问题尚不清楚的阶段，后者更适合方向已定、需要快速验证的阶段。", "basis": "editorial" } ], "rules": [ { "when": "用双钻模型规划项目", "instruction": "在计划中预留从后续阶段退回发现或定义阶段的时间，并写明什么样的发现会触发退回。", "strength": "recommend", "basis": "editorial" }, { "when": "宣布定义阶段结束", "instruction": "写下一份重新表述的问题陈述，并说明它依据了哪些发现；如果产出只是一个方案，说明定义阶段被跳过了。", "strength": "recommend", "basis": "editorial" } ], "philosophy": { "values": [ "先确认是对的问题，再去把问题解决好", "探索与决定应当分开进行" ], "tension": "过程图带来的清晰与真实项目中的往返反复之间", "questions": [ "我们现在是在发散，还是在收敛？", "我们定义的问题，依据的是哪些发现？", "什么样的发现会让我们回到起点？" ] }, "demo": null, "version": "0.1.0", "editorialStatus": "drafted", "requirements": [], "demoCapabilities": [], "implementationNote": "本词条尚无可操作示例；插画为编辑示意，以两个相连的菱形表现发散与收敛，不复制设计委员会的原图。应用到项目之前仍须为每个阶段确定具体的研究与测试方法。", "image": { "src": "/images/double-diamond.webp", "alt": "一张示意图：两个相连的菱形横向排列，第一个菱形内散布着便利贴与访谈卡片，汇聚到中间一张代表问题陈述的卡片；第二个菱形内展开几张不同的虚构界面草图，最后收敛到右侧一个经过测试的 FIELDNOTES 界面，一条细虚线从右侧弯回起点。" }, "searchTerms": [ "design process", "divergence", "convergence", "problem definition", "iteration" ] } }