{
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  "id": "false-scarcity",
  "name": {
    "zh": "虚假稀缺",
    "en": "False Scarcity"
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    "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt"
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      "entry.implementationNote",
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    "scope": "定义参考以上来源；数字界面示例、选择建议、条件关系及配方由本样例编辑，尚未经用户研究验证。",
    "editorialStatus": "drafted",
    "specimenData": "fictional",
    "specimenNote": "示例为原创虚构界面；定义附来源，用法与配方为编辑建议。",
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "deceptive-fake-scarcity",
        "url": "https://www.deceptive.design/types/fake-scarcity/",
        "title": "Deceptive Patterns · Fake scarcity",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "archive": {
          "status": "available",
          "confirmed": true,
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260720200913/https://deceptive.design/types/fake-scarcity/",
          "capturedAt": "2026-07-20T20:09:13Z",
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.deceptive.design/types/fake-scarcity/"
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      {
        "id": "mathur-dark-patterns-2019",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.07032",
        "title": "Mathur et al. · Dark Patterns at Scale: Findings from a Crawl of 11K Shopping Websites (2019)",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-15",
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  "entry": {
    "id": "false-scarcity",
    "type": "anti",
    "name": {
      "zh": "虚假稀缺",
      "en": "False Scarcity"
    },
    "aliases": [
      "假稀缺",
      "虚假库存提示",
      "Fake Scarcity"
    ],
    "granularity": "component",
    "intents": [
      "audit-choice",
      "audit-pricing"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "反模式",
      "库存",
      "稀缺",
      "热度",
      "结算"
    ],
    "definition": "向用户展示并不真实存在或无法验证的供给有限、需求旺盛信号（例如伪造的“仅剩#件”库存提示、“#人正在查看/购买”的热度计数），以此制造紧迫的稀缺印象，促使其在未充分评估的情况下完成购买。",
    "boundary": "与虚假紧迫感不同：本条的机制是伪造数量或热度信号，而不是伪造时间期限；两者常一起出现，但应分别记录。真实且能追溯到实时库存系统或真实并发数据的库存或热度数字不属于本反模式；判断依据是所显示的数字是否由真实底层数据计算得出，而不是它是否吓人。",
    "signature": [
      "库存或“仅剩#件”提示无法追溯到真实库存系统，刷新页面或换设备访问时数字反复无常",
      "“#人正在查看/购买”的热度计数与网站实际流量或订单量明显不成比例，或对所有访客展示相同数字",
      "低库存徽标或热度计数持续存在，商品却从不真正售罄，也从不消失"
    ],
    "when": [
      "审查商品详情页与结算页上的库存徽标、“剩余数量”提示",
      "审查“#人正在查看/购买”等热度计数组件是否绑定真实的并发访问或订单数据",
      "审查促销页面中反复出现却从未验证来源的“热销”“抢购中”标签"
    ],
    "when_not": [
      "作为提高转化率的推荐手段",
      "为营造“热销”氛围而展示未经真实数据支撑的库存或热度数字"
    ],
    "tradeoff": "修复时只保留可验证的数字：库存徽标必须绑定真实库存系统计算得出的数值，热度计数必须反映真实的并发访问或购买数据；当数字无法可靠计算时，不展示任何数字，转而用清楚的文字说明“有限”具体指什么（例如产地稀缺、限量批次、季节性供应），而不是给出一个孤立且可能虚构的数字。",
    "comparison": {
      "focus": "所显示的库存或热度数字是否真实存在",
      "mechanism": "伪造或夸大库存数量、并发查看或购买人数",
      "cost": "用户在虚假的稀缺印象下减少审慎比较，做出本不会做出的购买决定，并在发现数字不实后降低对网站其他信息的信任"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "deceptive-fake-scarcity",
        "title": "Deceptive Patterns · Fake scarcity",
        "url": "https://www.deceptive.design/types/fake-scarcity/",
        "claim": "将虚假稀缺定义为向用户展示虚假的库存有限或高需求信号，制造人为的稀缺印象，促使用户因担心错失而匆忙行动；页面所举案例包括低库存提示与虚假销售数字等具体手法。",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "archive": {
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.deceptive.design/types/fake-scarcity/",
          "status": "available",
          "checkedAt": "2026-09-16T04:59:07.000Z",
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260720200913/https://deceptive.design/types/fake-scarcity/",
          "timestamp": "20260720200913"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "mathur-dark-patterns-2019",
        "title": "Mathur et al. · Dark Patterns at Scale: Findings from a Crawl of 11K Shopping Websites (2019)",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.07032",
        "claim": "该研究的 Table 1 显示，2019 年对约 1.1 万个购物网站的爬取在“Scarcity”类别下识别出两种类型：Low-stock Message（632 例，覆盖 581 个网站）与 High-demand Message（47 例，覆盖 43 个网站），二者均被标注为利用“Scarcity Bias”认知偏差；该数据为 2019 年抽样下限，不代表当前普及率。",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "archive": {
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.07032",
          "status": "available",
          "checkedAt": "2026-09-22T15:14:25.073Z",
          "jobId": "spn2-e5ed4643b974bae44d820f9d23f4bc9a1ab499a6",
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915183840/https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.07032",
          "timestamp": "20260915183840"
        }
      }
    ],
    "relations": [
      {
        "target": "false-urgency",
        "kind": "related",
        "condition": "审查结算页或商品页中同时出现的倒计时与库存、热度提示",
        "reason": "两者都伪造压力信号，但一个针对数量与供给，一个针对时间期限，机制不同，应分别记录。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "hidden-costs",
        "kind": "related",
        "condition": "审查商品页与结算流程中的价格、库存信息是否完整可信",
        "reason": "两者可能出现在同一购买路径上，但一个推迟披露必要费用，一个伪造供给或热度，机制不同，应分别检查。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "trust-calibration",
        "kind": "conflicts_when",
        "condition": "无法验证的库存或热度数字被用来影响用户对系统状态的判断",
        "reason": "编造的数字会误导用户的信任校准，与建立准确、可核实信任信号的目标相冲突。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      }
    ],
    "rules": [
      {
        "when": "展示库存数量或“仅剩#件”一类徽标",
        "instruction": "该数字必须来自真实库存系统的实时计算结果；无法可靠计算时不得展示任何数字。",
        "strength": "must",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "when": "展示“#人正在查看/购买”等热度计数",
        "instruction": "该数字必须反映真实的并发访问或购买数据；无法可靠统计时应移除该组件，而不是编造一个数字。",
        "strength": "must",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "when": "商品确实供给有限",
        "instruction": "用清楚的文字说明“有限”具体指什么（例如产地稀缺、限量批次、季节性供应），而不是只呈现一个孤立数字。",
        "strength": "recommend",
        "basis": "editorial"
      }
    ],
    "anti": {
      "harm": "伪造的库存或热度数字压缩用户审慎比较的空间，诱导本不会作出的购买决定，并在数字被识破后侵蚀用户对网站其他信息的信任",
      "repair": "只在数字可由真实库存或并发数据可靠计算时才展示；无法计算时移除该数字，改用文字说明真实的有限性。"
    },
    "demo": null,
    "version": "0.1.0",
    "editorialStatus": "drafted",
    "requirements": [],
    "demoCapabilities": [],
    "implementationNote": "本条尚无可操作的样本；插画为编辑示意。应用到产品时仍须核对：库存徽标与热度计数是否真的绑定实时库存与并发数据、数字在不同用户和不同时间访问时是否一致、无法计算时是否真的移除了数字而非替换为估算值，以及所在法域对虚假稀缺宣传的具体规定。",
    "image": {
      "src": "/images/false-scarcity.webp",
      "alt": "一个虚构的 FIELDNOTES 商品卡片：显眼的红色低库存徽标和一行“#人正在查看”的热度计数被渲染成没有真实数字的空白色块，旁边有一枚细小的警示三角标记。"
    },
    "searchTerms": [
      "anti-pattern",
      "stock",
      "scarcity",
      "popularity",
      "checkout"
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  }
}