{
  "_description": "本文件由 data/ 生成：请改动来源文件，不要改这里。各字段的证据边界见接入指南。",
  "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
  "kind": "entry",
  "locale": "zh-CN",
  "id": "focal-point",
  "name": {
    "zh": "焦点律",
    "en": "Focal Point"
  },
  "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/focal-point/",
  "self": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/focal-point.json",
  "alternates": {
    "zh-CN": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/focal-point.json",
    "en": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/focal-point.json"
  },
  "site": {
    "catalogSchemaVersion": "0.1.0",
    "entries": 137,
    "index": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/index.json",
    "query": "https://designvocabulary.com/api/query?lang=zh",
    "guide": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/agents/",
    "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt"
  },
  "provenance": {
    "sourceBacked": [
      "entry.definition"
    ],
    "editorial": [
      "entry.boundary",
      "entry.signature",
      "entry.when",
      "entry.when_not",
      "entry.tradeoff",
      "entry.comparison",
      "entry.rules",
      "entry.relations",
      "entry.implementationNote",
      "entry.principle"
    ],
    "scope": "定义参考以上来源；数字界面示例、选择建议、条件关系及配方由本样例编辑，尚未经用户研究验证。",
    "editorialStatus": "drafted",
    "specimenData": "fictional",
    "specimenNote": "示例为原创虚构界面；定义附来源，用法与配方为编辑建议。",
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "focalpoint-salience",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salience_(neuroscience)",
        "title": "Wikipedia · Salience (neuroscience)",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "archive": {
          "status": "pending",
          "confirmed": false,
          "url": null,
          "capturedAt": null,
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salience_(neuroscience)"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "focalpoint-visualhierarchy",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_hierarchy",
        "title": "Wikipedia · Visual hierarchy",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "archive": {
          "status": "available",
          "confirmed": true,
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922115705/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_hierarchy",
          "capturedAt": "2026-09-22T11:57:05Z",
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_hierarchy"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "focalpoint-vonrestorff",
        "url": "https://lawsofux.com/von-restorff-effect/",
        "title": "Laws of UX · Von Restorff Effect",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "archive": {
          "status": "pending",
          "confirmed": false,
          "url": null,
          "capturedAt": null,
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://lawsofux.com/von-restorff-effect/"
        }
      }
    ],
    "lists": [],
    "ordered": false,
    "listDisclaimer": "席位号是编辑位置，不是评分、排名或人气统计；清单未收满时保持原样，不补足。"
  },
  "entry": {
    "id": "focal-point",
    "type": "principle",
    "name": {
      "zh": "焦点律",
      "en": "Focal Point"
    },
    "aliases": [
      "Visual Salience",
      "Emphasis",
      "视觉焦点",
      "显著性"
    ],
    "granularity": "component",
    "intents": [
      "organize-content",
      "inform"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "焦点",
      "显著性",
      "注意力",
      "对比",
      "强调"
    ],
    "definition": "在一组元素中与周围差异最大的那一个会最先被注意到：显著性来自对比——尺寸、颜色、形状或位置上的不同——因此一个画面里应当只有一个真正的焦点。",
    "boundary": "焦点律说的是\"哪一个最先被看到\"，视觉层级说的是\"整组元素的先后次序\"：焦点是层级的第一级，不是层级本身。它也不等于冯·雷斯托夫效应——后者预测的是差异元素更容易被记住，焦点关心的是它更早被看到；两者机制相邻但结论不同。本词条不提供任何关于注视时间或识别速度的测量数据。需要特别注意的是：显著性是相对的，它来自与周围的差异而不是元素自身的属性，因此\"把它做大做红\"在一个已经充满大而红的元素的画面里毫无作用。",
    "signature": [
      "画面中只有一个元素与其余元素明显不同",
      "差异来自与周围的对比，而不是元素自身的绝对取值",
      "其余元素保持彼此相似，从而衬托出这一个"
    ],
    "when": [
      "一屏上必须有一个动作或一条信息先于其余被注意到",
      "元素数量多且彼此相似，需要一个明确的入口",
      "画面本身就有一个主体，需要让它稳住注意力"
    ],
    "when_not": [
      "同时强调多个元素，结果谁都不再是焦点",
      "焦点落在装饰性元素上，真正的动作反而被衬托得更弱",
      "只用颜色制造差异，色觉障碍用户感知不到这一焦点"
    ],
    "tradeoff": "一个清晰的焦点让注意力有了确定的落点，代价是这份显著性是零和的：画面中每多一个被强调的元素，焦点的力量就减弱一分，直到所有元素回到同一水平。",
    "comparison": {
      "focus": "决定哪一个元素最先被注意到",
      "mechanism": "让一个元素与周围形成最大对比，其余保持相似",
      "cost": "显著性零和，且不能只靠颜色制造"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "focalpoint-salience",
        "title": "Wikipedia · Salience (neuroscience)",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salience_(neuroscience)",
        "claim": "该条目把显著性定义为某物从其邻近事物中凸显出来的状态或性质，并说明显著事件是生物借以学习与生存的一种注意机制；本词条的\"显著性来自与周围的差异\"据此转述，其中关于设计取舍的结论属编辑意见。",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "archive": {
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salience_(neuroscience)",
          "status": "pending",
          "checkedAt": "2026-09-22T11:57:22.380Z",
          "error": "status-request-failed",
          "jobId": "spn2-bf2be7ac29c4627fb9d0c9e3c6c5361a7694f5b7"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "focalpoint-visualhierarchy",
        "title": "Wikipedia · Visual hierarchy",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_hierarchy",
        "claim": "该条目说明视野中某些元素比其他元素更突出，从而形成被感知的重要性次序，而这一次序由感知场中各形态之间的视觉对比造成，与周围对比最强的对象最先被人脑识别；本词条据此说明焦点是这一次序的第一级，并据以与视觉层级划清分工。",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "archive": {
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_hierarchy",
          "status": "available",
          "checkedAt": "2026-09-22T11:56:40.708Z",
          "jobId": "spn2-b7eba1c09595f9fe1c984a76be0289018decfc71",
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922115705/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_hierarchy",
          "timestamp": "20260922115705"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "focalpoint-vonrestorff",
        "title": "Laws of UX · Von Restorff Effect",
        "url": "https://lawsofux.com/von-restorff-effect/",
        "claim": "该条目说明冯·雷斯托夫效应（又称隔离效应）预测：当多个相似对象同时存在时，与其余不同的那一个最容易被记住，并建议让重要信息或关键动作在视觉上有别于其余、同时克制使用这种手段。本词条引用它来划清边界——该效应关心的是\"被记住\"，焦点律关心的是\"先被看到\"。",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-16",
        "archive": {
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://lawsofux.com/von-restorff-effect/",
          "status": "pending",
          "checkedAt": "2026-09-16T17:40:08.117Z",
          "error": "status-request-failed",
          "jobId": "spn2-25b1a19f0bd58fafe2b27f9afede106ee8c35038"
        }
      }
    ],
    "relations": [
      {
        "target": "visual-hierarchy",
        "kind": "composes_with",
        "condition": "一屏上需要完整的先后次序而不只是一个起点",
        "reason": "焦点是层级的第一级；层级负责其余各级之间的轻重安排。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "figure-ground",
        "kind": "composes_with",
        "condition": "焦点需要从背景中被分离出来",
        "reason": "元素必须先被读作\"图\"才谈得上成为焦点；图底关系不清时，再强的对比也难以成立。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "perceivable-alternatives",
        "kind": "composes_with",
        "condition": "焦点靠颜色差异建立",
        "reason": "颜色不是所有人都能分辨的通道，焦点还应同时由尺寸、位置或形状承担。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "disguised-ads",
        "kind": "conflicts_when",
        "condition": "最显著的元素是广告而不是用户正在寻找的内容",
        "reason": "把焦点让给推广内容，实际上是用视觉手段改变用户原本的目标。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      }
    ],
    "rules": [
      {
        "when": "一屏上出现两个及以上同等强调的元素",
        "instruction": "只保留一个作为焦点，其余降级；不要通过继续加强来\"都突出\"。",
        "strength": "recommend",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "when": "焦点由颜色造成",
        "instruction": "同时用尺寸、位置或形状承担这一差异，使不依赖颜色的用户也能找到它。",
        "strength": "must",
        "basis": "editorial"
      }
    ],
    "principle": {
      "evidenceType": "以知觉显著性为基础的组织原则；本词条不引用具体的注视或反应时测量",
      "limit": "本词条只讨论\"最先被看到\"，不涉及记忆效果，也不规定任何具体的对比度或尺寸差异数值。"
    },
    "demo": null,
    "version": "0.1.0",
    "editorialStatus": "drafted",
    "requirements": [],
    "demoCapabilities": [],
    "implementationNote": "本词条尚无可操作示例；插画为编辑示意，用一组相似元素衬托一个不同元素来说明显著性，不代表任何注视测量。应用到产品前仍须确认焦点不只依赖颜色，并检查它落在真正重要的元素上。",
    "image": {
      "src": "/images/focal-point.webp",
      "alt": "一张示意图：一片规则排列的浅灰色圆点中，只有一个圆点更大、颜色为橙色且略微偏离行列，因此一眼就被看到；右侧另一组同样的圆点全部被放大并染成橙色，结果没有任何一个突出。"
    },
    "searchTerms": [
      "focal point",
      "salience",
      "attention",
      "contrast",
      "emphasis"
    ]
  }
}