{ "_description": "本文件由 data/ 生成：请改动来源文件，不要改这里。各字段的证据边界见接入指南。", "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "kind": "entry", "locale": "zh-CN", "id": "human-centered-design", "name": { "zh": "以人为中心的设计", "en": "Human-Centered Design" }, "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/human-centered-design/", "self": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/human-centered-design.json", "alternates": { "zh-CN": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/human-centered-design.json", "en": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/human-centered-design.json" }, "site": { "catalogSchemaVersion": "0.1.0", "entries": 158, "index": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/index.json", "query": "https://designvocabulary.com/api/query?lang=zh", "guide": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/agents/", "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt" }, "provenance": { "sourceBacked": [ "entry.definition" ], "editorial": [ "entry.boundary", "entry.signature", "entry.when", "entry.when_not", "entry.tradeoff", "entry.comparison", "entry.rules", "entry.relations", "entry.implementationNote", "entry.philosophy" ], "scope": "定义参考以上来源；数字界面示例、选择建议、条件关系及配方由本样例编辑，尚未经用户研究验证。", "editorialStatus": "drafted", "specimenData": "fictional", "specimenNote": "示例为原创虚构界面；定义附来源，用法与配方为编辑建议。", "sources": [ { "id": "ideo-design-kit", "url": "https://www.designkit.org/human-centered-design.html", "title": "IDEO.org · Design Kit: What is Human-Centered Design?", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15", "archive": { "status": "available", "confirmed": true, "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915181703/https://www.designkit.org/human-centered-design.html", "capturedAt": "2026-09-15T18:17:03Z", "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.designkit.org/human-centered-design.html" } }, { "id": "nng-norman-hcd-principles", "url": "https://www.nngroup.com/videos/principles-human-centered-design-don-norman/", "title": "NN/g · Principles of Human-Centered Design (Don Norman)", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15", "archive": { "status": "available", "confirmed": true, "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915181743/https://www.nngroup.com/videos/principles-human-centered-design-don-norman/", "capturedAt": "2026-09-15T18:17:43Z", "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.nngroup.com/videos/principles-human-centered-design-don-norman/" } }, { "id": "jnd-hcd-considered-harmful", "url": "https://jnd.org/human-centered-design/", "title": "Don Norman · Human-Centered Design Considered Harmful", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15", "archive": { "status": "unconfirmed", "confirmed": false, "url": null, "capturedAt": null, "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://jnd.org/human-centered-design/" } } ], "lists": [ { "id": "H-C", "edition": "classic", "seat": 3, "origin": "issue-1-ledger", "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/H-C/", "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/H-C.json" }, { "id": "H-Y", "edition": "2026-focus", "seat": 3, "origin": "issue-1-ledger", "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/H-Y/", "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/H-Y.json" } ], "ordered": false, "listDisclaimer": "席位号是编辑位置，不是评分、排名或人气统计；清单未收满时保持原样，不补足。" }, "entry": { "id": "human-centered-design", "type": "philosophy", "name": { "zh": "以人为中心的设计", "en": "Human-Centered Design" }, "aliases": [ "HCD", "人本设计", "Human-Centred Design" ], "granularity": "experience", "intents": [ "understand-users", "include-users" ], "tags": [ "用户研究", "迭代", "原型", "情境", "评估" ], "definition": "把要服务的人及其情境放在设计过程中心：先理解人的需求与所处系统，再通过原型与真实使用者反复试验、评估和修正，而不是先定方案再找用户验收。", "boundary": "与包容性设计相邻但更宽：包容性设计聚焦识别排除与能力差异，以人为中心的设计是围绕需求、情境与评估展开的整体迭代方法。它也不等于某一套固定流程；Norman 强调它是原则与心态，而非按步骤走完即可。", "signature": [ "方案来自对人和情境的直接观察与理解", "用低成本原型尽早与使用者一起试验", "评估结果回流为下一轮修改" ], "when": [ "问题定义尚不清楚，需要先弄清要解决的是哪个根本问题", "产品服务的人群与团队自身经验差距较大", "有条件接触真实使用者并进行多轮试验" ], "when_not": [ "把访谈或可用性测试当作交付前的一次性验收", "只关注个别用户表达的偏好而忽视活动本身与整体系统", "无法接触真实使用者却声称已经以人为中心" ], "tradeoff": "多轮研究与评估会延长周期并增加协调成本；过度跟随个别用户的即时反馈也可能牺牲整体活动的一致性。", "comparison": { "focus": "人的需求、情境与整体系统", "mechanism": "理解、原型、评估的循环迭代", "cost": "需要持续接触使用者与多轮修改" }, "sources": [ { "id": "ideo-design-kit", "title": "IDEO.org · Design Kit: What is Human-Centered Design?", "url": "https://www.designkit.org/human-centered-design.html", "claim": "把以人为中心的设计描述为围绕同理心的创造性解决问题方法，分为灵感、构思、实施三个阶段，强调原型并把成果带回给所服务的人。", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.designkit.org/human-centered-design.html", "status": "available", "checkedAt": "2026-09-23T12:15:48.586Z", "jobId": "spn2-4a767f10b2d8404b048f5b766a72069d3abf7dd2", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915181703/https://www.designkit.org/human-centered-design.html", "timestamp": "20260915181703" } }, { "id": "nng-norman-hcd-principles", "title": "NN/g · Principles of Human-Centered Design (Don Norman)", "url": "https://www.nngroup.com/videos/principles-human-centered-design-don-norman/", "claim": "Norman 指出以人为中心的设计不在于遵循流程，而在于时刻关注人与整体系统、解决正确的问题；具体的迭代规则是本条目的编辑应用。", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.nngroup.com/videos/principles-human-centered-design-don-norman/", "status": "available", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15T18:17:19.009Z", "jobId": "spn2-ef99a1ac210293e8296c11fa021d57304232c0f8", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915181743/https://www.nngroup.com/videos/principles-human-centered-design-don-norman/", "timestamp": "20260915181743" } }, { "id": "jnd-hcd-considered-harmful", "title": "Don Norman · Human-Centered Design Considered Harmful", "url": "https://jnd.org/human-centered-design/", "claim": "提出\"了解你的用户\"是该方法的核心原则并承认其可用性收益，同时批评过度关注个别用户可能忽视活动本身，支持本条目的张力与 when_not。", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://jnd.org/human-centered-design/", "status": "unconfirmed", "checkedAt": "2026-10-20T07:59:51.269Z", "error": "availability-request-failed", "jobId": "spn2-693fca976ff7210c94ed8b2b8c69f63e251a2e15" } } ], "relations": [ { "target": "inclusive-design", "kind": "composes_with", "condition": "确定研究与评估的参与者", "reason": "以人为中心的迭代若只邀请典型用户，仍可能复制排除；包容性设计补上识别差异的视角。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "calm-technology", "kind": "informs", "condition": "决定信息何时进入注意中心", "reason": "对使用情境的直接观察是判断打断是否合理的依据。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "recognition", "kind": "realized_by", "condition": "评估中发现用户依赖记忆完成任务", "reason": "把选项与状态变得可见是迭代中常见的具体修正。", "basis": "editorial" } ], "rules": [ { "when": "开始定义要解决的问题", "instruction": "先在真实情境中观察和理解使用者，再确定问题与方案。", "strength": "recommend", "basis": "editorial" }, { "when": "宣称设计以人为中心", "instruction": "必须能说明与哪些使用者一起评估过、修改了什么。", "strength": "must", "basis": "editorial" }, { "when": "用户的即时偏好与其整体活动冲突", "instruction": "回到活动与系统层面判断，而不是逐条满足反馈。", "strength": "recommend", "basis": "editorial" } ], "philosophy": { "values": [ "理解人与情境", "迭代学习", "解决正确的问题" ], "tension": "跟随个别使用者与服务整体活动", "questions": [ "我们理解的是真实使用者，还是团队想象中的用户？", "这一轮评估的结果改变了什么？" ] }, "demo": null, "version": "0.1.0", "editorialStatus": "drafted", "requirements": [], "demoCapabilities": [], "implementationNote": "尚无可操作样例；插图为编辑示意。应用到产品时仍须核实：是否接触到真实使用者、迭代是否真的改变了方案、以及评估记录是否可追溯。", "image": { "src": "/images/human-centered-design.webp", "alt": "几位抽象人物围坐在摆着草图和原型的桌旁，周围的箭头连成一个迭代循环。" }, "searchTerms": [ "user research", "iteration", "prototyping", "context", "evaluation" ] } }