{ "_description": "本文件由 data/ 生成：请改动来源文件，不要改这里。各字段的证据边界见接入指南。", "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "kind": "entry", "locale": "zh-CN", "id": "interlock", "name": { "zh": "互锁", "en": "Interlock" }, "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/interlock/", "self": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/interlock.json", "alternates": { "zh-CN": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/interlock.json", "en": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/interlock.json" }, "site": { "catalogSchemaVersion": "0.1.0", "entries": 137, "index": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/index.json", "query": "https://designvocabulary.com/api/query?lang=zh", "guide": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/agents/", "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt" }, "provenance": { "sourceBacked": [ "entry.definition" ], "editorial": [ "entry.boundary", "entry.signature", "entry.when", "entry.when_not", "entry.tradeoff", "entry.comparison", "entry.rules", "entry.relations", "entry.implementationNote", "entry.principle" ], "scope": "定义参考以上来源；数字界面示例、选择建议、条件关系及配方由本样例编辑，尚未经用户研究验证。", "editorialStatus": "drafted", "specimenData": "fictional", "specimenNote": "示例为原创虚构界面；定义附来源，用法与配方为编辑建议。", "sources": [ { "id": "interlock-wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlock", "title": "Wikipedia · Interlock (engineering)", "checkedAt": "2026-09-16", "archive": { "status": "pending", "confirmed": false, "url": null, "capturedAt": null, "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlock" } }, { "id": "interlock-pokayoke", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poka-yoke", "title": "Wikipedia · Poka-yoke", "checkedAt": "2026-09-16", "archive": { "status": "unconfirmed", "confirmed": false, "url": null, "capturedAt": null, "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poka-yoke" } } ], "lists": [], "ordered": false, "listDisclaimer": "席位号是编辑位置，不是评分、排名或人气统计；清单未收满时保持原样，不补足。" }, "entry": { "id": "interlock", "type": "principle", "name": { "zh": "互锁", "en": "Interlock" }, "aliases": [ "Interlocking", "Sequence Lock", "联锁", "顺序锁定" ], "granularity": "component", "intents": [ "prevent-error", "confirm-action" ], "tags": [ "防错", "顺序", "前置条件", "安全", "约束" ], "definition": "一种强制约束：在必要条件满足之前，某个操作根本无法被执行。它不是提醒用户注意顺序，而是让错误的顺序在结构上不可能发生。", "boundary": "互锁的判定标准是\"做不到\"，而不是\"被劝阻\"。弹出一个确认框、显示一条警告、把按钮调成灰色但仍可点击——这些都不是互锁，因为错误的顺序仍然可以发生。它与一般的防错也不同：防错涵盖提示、校验、撤销等所有减少失误的手段，互锁只是其中最强硬的一种，代价也最高。因为它剥夺了用户在特殊情况下自行判断的余地，所以只应用在后果严重且不可逆的地方；把它用在普通操作上，会把每一次正常使用都变成一次闯关。", "signature": [ "条件不满足时，操作不可用且无法被绕过", "系统说明缺的是哪个条件，而不是只说\"不可用\"", "条件一旦满足，约束自行解除，无需额外步骤" ], "when": [ "顺序错误会造成不可逆的损失，例如数据丢失或资金损失", "操作会影响到本人之外的其他人，事后无法补救", "前置条件是客观可判定的，而不是需要人来权衡的" ], "when_not": [ "后果轻微或可撤销，互锁只是增加了一道摩擦", "前置条件的判断本身可能出错，用户却没有申诉或覆盖的余地", "用它锁住的其实是商业目的而不是安全，例如不填够信息就不让退出" ], "tradeoff": "互锁把一整类顺序错误彻底消除，代价是它同时消除了例外：当系统对前置条件的判断本身出错时，用户没有任何办法继续，只能求助于系统之外。", "comparison": { "focus": "让错误的操作顺序无法发生", "mechanism": "条件未满足前操作不可执行，且无法绕过", "cost": "同时消除了例外情况下的人工判断余地" }, "sources": [ { "id": "interlock-wikipedia", "title": "Wikipedia · Interlock (engineering)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlock", "claim": "该条目说明互锁是工程与安全系统中常用的特性或装置，用来在防护装置未就位或所需条件未满足之前阻止机器、设备与流程运行；使用互锁的目的包括防止或降低操作者受伤、设备损坏，以及\"动作以错误顺序或以不安全方式被完成\"的风险。本词条的定义与\"顺序\"这一核心据此转述。", "checkedAt": "2026-09-16", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlock", "status": "pending", "checkedAt": "2026-09-22T11:56:27.812Z", "error": "status-request-failed", "jobId": "spn2-ceefb5ca25267935a17e08479ce3ba2e805b506f" } }, { "id": "interlock-pokayoke", "title": "Wikipedia · Poka-yoke", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poka-yoke", "claim": "该条目把 poka-yoke 定义为流程中任何帮助操作者避免失误与缺陷的机制——通过在人为错误发生时预防、纠正或引起注意来实现——并记录该概念有时也被称为\"强制功能\"（forcing function）或\"行为塑形约束\"（behavior-shaping constraint）；本词条据此把互锁定位为这一族手段中最强硬的一种，其\"只用于严重后果\"的取舍属编辑判断。", "checkedAt": "2026-09-16", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poka-yoke", "status": "unconfirmed", "checkedAt": "2026-09-16T17:38:41.161Z", "error": "status-request-failed", "jobId": "spn2-6a3ff4d457a1759d36865144e6ba8d17b7c7a5e4" } } ], "relations": [ { "target": "error-prevention", "kind": "realized_by", "condition": "某一类失误必须被彻底排除而不只是减少", "reason": "防错涵盖提示、校验与撤销等多种手段，互锁是其中最强硬的一种：它不减少概率，而是把可能性去掉。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "human-approval", "kind": "alternative", "condition": "某个动作在执行前需要额外的把关", "reason": "互锁由客观条件把关，人工审批由人把关；条件可判定时用前者，需要权衡时用后者。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "user-control", "kind": "conflicts_when", "condition": "互锁被用在后果并不严重的普通操作上", "reason": "它剥夺了用户自行判断的余地；这一代价只在后果不可逆时才值得付。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "obstruction", "kind": "conflicts_when", "condition": "被锁住的是退出、注销或退订一类用户想要离开的动作", "reason": "以安全之名锁住出口，实际上是在退出路径上设障，与互锁的正当用途无关。", "basis": "editorial" } ], "rules": [ { "when": "某个操作因条件未满足而不可用", "instruction": "说明缺少的是哪一个条件以及如何满足它，而不是只把控件置灰。", "strength": "must", "basis": "editorial" }, { "when": "系统对前置条件的判断可能出错", "instruction": "提供一条人工申诉或覆盖的路径，并记录谁在什么时候覆盖了它。", "strength": "must", "basis": "editorial" } ], "principle": { "evidenceType": "源自工程安全实践的强制约束概念，在交互设计中被归入防错手段一族", "limit": "本词条不判断某个具体操作是否严重到值得互锁，也不提供失误率数据；这一取舍须由产品按后果的可逆性自行判断。" }, "demo": null, "version": "0.1.0", "editorialStatus": "drafted", "requirements": [], "demoCapabilities": [], "implementationNote": "本词条尚无可操作示例；插画为编辑示意，展示条件未满足与已满足两种状态，不代表已验证的实现。应用到产品前仍须确认后果确实不可逆，并为判断出错的情况准备申诉路径。", "image": { "src": "/images/interlock.webp", "alt": "一张对照示意图：左侧一个虚构面板中的绿色操作按钮被一道橙色横杠压住，右侧排着灰色占位文字条，面板上方的一排条件指示中有的已完成、有的仍为空；右侧同一面板的条件指示全部打勾，横杠消失，按钮成为可点击的橙色。" }, "searchTerms": [ "error prevention", "sequence", "precondition", "safety", "constraint" ] } }