{
  "_description": "本文件由 data/ 生成：请改动来源文件，不要改这里。各字段的证据边界见接入指南。",
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  "kind": "entry",
  "locale": "zh-CN",
  "id": "kanban",
  "name": {
    "zh": "看板布局",
    "en": "Kanban Board"
  },
  "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/kanban/",
  "self": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/kanban.json",
  "alternates": {
    "zh-CN": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/kanban.json",
    "en": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/kanban.json"
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    "entries": 158,
    "index": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/index.json",
    "query": "https://designvocabulary.com/api/query?lang=zh",
    "guide": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/agents/",
    "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt"
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  "provenance": {
    "sourceBacked": [
      "entry.definition"
    ],
    "editorial": [
      "entry.boundary",
      "entry.signature",
      "entry.when",
      "entry.when_not",
      "entry.tradeoff",
      "entry.comparison",
      "entry.rules",
      "entry.relations",
      "entry.implementationNote",
      "entry.behavior"
    ],
    "scope": "定义参考以上来源；数字界面示例、选择建议、条件关系及配方由本样例编辑，尚未经用户研究验证。",
    "editorialStatus": "drafted",
    "specimenData": "fictional",
    "specimenNote": "示例为原创虚构界面；定义附来源，用法与配方为编辑建议。",
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "kanban-guide",
        "url": "https://kanban.university/kanban-guide/",
        "title": "Kanban University · The Official Guide to The Kanban Method",
        "checkedAt": "2026-10-20",
        "archive": {
          "status": "unconfirmed",
          "confirmed": false,
          "url": null,
          "capturedAt": null,
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261020*/https://kanban.university/kanban-guide/"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "kanban-toyota-uk",
        "url": "https://mag.toyota.co.uk/kanban-toyota-production-system/",
        "title": "Toyota UK Magazine · Kanban – Toyota Production System guide",
        "checkedAt": "2026-10-20",
        "archive": {
          "status": "unconfirmed",
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          "url": null,
          "capturedAt": null,
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261020*/https://mag.toyota.co.uk/kanban-toyota-production-system/"
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    ],
    "lists": [],
    "ordered": false,
    "listDisclaimer": "席位号是编辑位置，不是评分、排名或人气统计；清单未收满时保持原样，不补足。"
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  "entry": {
    "id": "kanban",
    "type": "layout",
    "name": {
      "zh": "看板布局",
      "en": "Kanban Board"
    },
    "aliases": [
      "Board View",
      "Kanban View",
      "看板视图",
      "任务看板"
    ],
    "granularity": "page",
    "intents": [
      "organize-content",
      "overview"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "看板",
      "状态列",
      "卡片",
      "工作流",
      "进度"
    ],
    "definition": "把一组工作项做成卡片，按所处状态放进从左到右排列的若干列中：每一列代表工作流的一个阶段，卡片随进展从一列移到下一列，整块面板一眼就能看出每个阶段堆积了多少事情。",
    "boundary": "本词条指界面布局——\"状态列 + 卡片\"这一呈现方式，不指精益生产中的看板方法，也不指软件团队的 Kanban 管理方法。后者源自丰田生产方式中随物料流转的\"看板\"信号，强调限制在制品数量与拉动式流转；一块看板布局本身并不实施这些做法，只画出列与卡片的界面也不等于在用这一方法。它不是卡片网格：卡片网格中卡片的位置不承载含义，看板中卡片所在的列就是它的状态。它也不是表格中的\"状态\"字段：表格适合逐项比较属性，看板适合观察各阶段的分布与流动。",
    "signature": [
      "若干纵向列从左到右排列，每列代表一个工作流阶段",
      "每张卡片代表一个工作项，所在的列就是它当前的状态",
      "改变状态的方式是把卡片移到另一列，而不是编辑某个字段"
    ],
    "when": [
      "工作项依次经过少数几个明确的阶段",
      "团队需要一眼看出哪个阶段积压了工作",
      "工作项的状态经常变化，需要低成本地更新"
    ],
    "when_not": [
      "工作项没有共同的流程阶段，列只能随意划分",
      "工作项数量很多而阶段很少，每列都长到无法浏览",
      "用户主要需要按多个属性排序、比较或批量编辑"
    ],
    "tradeoff": "把状态变成位置，让分布与积压一眼可见、改状态只需一次移动；代价是横向宽度随列数增长，窄屏上一次只看得到一两列，而单列中的卡片一多，按其他属性查找就不如表格或列表方便。",
    "comparison": {
      "focus": "看清工作在各阶段之间的分布与流动",
      "mechanism": "状态成列、工作项成卡，移动卡片即改变状态",
      "cost": "宽度随列数增长，按其他属性查找不便"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "kanban-guide",
        "title": "Kanban University · The Official Guide to The Kanban Method",
        "url": "https://kanban.university/kanban-guide/",
        "claim": "该指南（页面未标注版本与日期）说明看板面板是呈现看板系统最常见的方式，工作流的各个步骤以列表示，工作项以卡片或票据表示；同时指出看板系统除面板与卡片外还包括度量、节奏与策略等要素，并把限制在制品数量视为建立拉动系统的关键。本词条据此转述\"列 + 卡片\"的结构，并据此区分界面布局与看板方法。",
        "checkedAt": "2026-10-20",
        "archive": {
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261020*/https://kanban.university/kanban-guide/",
          "status": "unconfirmed",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-20T07:58:21.696Z",
          "error": "save-request-failed"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "kanban-toyota-uk",
        "title": "Toyota UK Magazine · Kanban – Toyota Production System guide",
        "url": "https://mag.toyota.co.uk/kanban-toyota-production-system/",
        "claim": "该文（2013 年 5 月 31 日首发，2024 年 7 月 26 日更新，Toyota (GB) PLC 发布）说明\"看板\"字面意思是\"招牌\"，是随物品流转的标识，物品被取用后回到前道工序作为补充订货的信号，并称看板是实现准时化生产的快速响应系统。本词条仅据此说明这一名称的制造业来源，不把其中的生产规则当作界面要求。",
        "checkedAt": "2026-10-20",
        "archive": {
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261020*/https://mag.toyota.co.uk/kanban-toyota-production-system/",
          "status": "unconfirmed",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-20T07:58:22.384Z",
          "error": "save-request-failed"
        }
      }
    ],
    "relations": [
      {
        "target": "card-grid",
        "kind": "alternative",
        "condition": "呈现一组以卡片表示的同类条目",
        "reason": "卡片网格中卡片的位置不承载含义，适合浏览与发现；看板中列就是状态，适合观察流动。条目没有共同的流程阶段时用前者。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "drag-and-drop",
        "kind": "composes_with",
        "condition": "用户需要在列之间移动卡片以改变状态",
        "reason": "拖放是看板最常见的状态变更方式，但它只是其中一种输入；移动卡片同样应能通过菜单或键盘完成。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "assignment",
        "kind": "composes_with",
        "condition": "看板上的工作项需要明确的负责人",
        "reason": "列回答\"进行到哪一步\"，指派回答\"由谁负责\"；卡片上显示负责人，两种信息才能在同一块面板上读出。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "search-and-filter",
        "kind": "composes_with",
        "condition": "列中的卡片多到无法逐张浏览",
        "reason": "筛选让面板只显示某个人、某个标签的卡片，同时保留列的结构，避免为了查找而退回表格。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      }
    ],
    "rules": [
      {
        "when": "改变状态依赖拖放卡片",
        "instruction": "提供不依赖拖动的等效方式（例如卡片菜单中的\"移到某列\"或键盘操作），并在移动后告知卡片的新位置。",
        "strength": "must",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "when": "面板在窄屏上无法同时显示所有列",
        "instruction": "让列名与每列的卡片数量保持可见，或改为一次显示一列并可切换，不要只依赖横向滚动让用户失去全局。",
        "strength": "recommend",
        "basis": "editorial"
      }
    ],
    "behavior": {
      "states": [
        "wide",
        "compact"
      ],
      "a11y": [
        "每一列有可朗读的名称与卡片数量，卡片被朗读时说明所在的列",
        "移动卡片可以用键盘或菜单完成，结果以状态消息告知"
      ],
      "motion": "卡片移动时可以有短暂的位移过渡；减弱动态偏好下直接放到新位置"
    },
    "demo": null,
    "version": "0.1.0",
    "editorialStatus": "drafted",
    "requirements": [],
    "demoCapabilities": [],
    "implementationNote": "本词条尚无可操作示例；插画为编辑示意，展示状态列与卡片的关系，其中的工作项均为虚构，不代表已验证的实现。应用到产品前仍须确认移动卡片有不依赖拖放的方式，并在窄屏上检查列名与数量是否保持可见。",
    "image": {
      "src": "/images/kanban.webp",
      "alt": "一张名为 FIELDNOTES 的虚构看板示意：四个纵向列从左到右排开，每列顶部是一条列名占位条和一个数字小圆标，列内叠放着若干张带灰色占位条的卡片；其中一张卡片微微倾斜，正从第二列移向第三列。"
    },
    "searchTerms": [
      "kanban",
      "status columns",
      "cards",
      "workflow",
      "progress"
    ]
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}