{ "_description": "本文件由 data/ 生成：请改动来源文件，不要改这里。各字段的证据边界见接入指南。", "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "kind": "entry", "locale": "zh-CN", "id": "obstruction", "name": { "zh": "阻碍退出或完成", "en": "Obstruction" }, "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/obstruction/", "self": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/obstruction.json", "alternates": { "zh-CN": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/obstruction.json", "en": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/obstruction.json" }, "site": { "catalogSchemaVersion": "0.1.0", "entries": 158, "index": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/index.json", "query": "https://designvocabulary.com/api/query?lang=zh", "guide": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/agents/", "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt" }, "provenance": { "sourceBacked": [ "entry.definition" ], "editorial": [ "entry.boundary", "entry.signature", "entry.when", "entry.when_not", "entry.tradeoff", "entry.comparison", "entry.rules", "entry.relations", "entry.implementationNote", "entry.anti" ], "scope": "定义参考以上来源；数字界面示例、选择建议、条件关系及配方由本样例编辑，尚未经用户研究验证。", "editorialStatus": "drafted", "specimenData": "fictional", "specimenNote": "示例为原创虚构界面；定义附来源，用法与配方为编辑建议。", "sources": [ { "id": "deceptive-obstruction", "url": "https://www.deceptive.design/types/obstruction", "title": "Deceptive Patterns · Obstruction", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15", "archive": { "status": "available", "confirmed": true, "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915181817/https://deceptive.design/types/obstruction/", "capturedAt": "2026-09-15T18:18:17Z", "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.deceptive.design/types/obstruction" } }, { "id": "deceptive-hard-to-cancel", "url": "https://www.deceptive.design/types/hard-to-cancel", "title": "Deceptive Patterns · Hard to cancel", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15", "archive": { "status": "available", "confirmed": true, "url": 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"在用户完成某个本应可行的动作（尤其是取消、退订、注销或拒绝）的路径上，故意设置障碍或额外步骤，使其比对应的进入动作困难得多。", "boundary": "与隐瞒成本不同：本条的机制是把退出或完成的路径做得费力，而不是推迟披露费用。为不可逆操作设置一次合理的确认，或因法规、安全要求必须核验身份，不算阻碍；判断依据是退出难度是否明显超过进入难度且缺乏正当理由。", "signature": [ "注册或订阅只需一两步，取消却要经过多层页面、等待或人工客服", "退出入口以小号灰色链接藏在多次警告和挽留之后，而“保留”是显眼的主按钮", "完成拒绝或退出动作所需的步骤数与进入路径明显不对称" ], "when": [ "审查订阅、会员或试用的取消流程", "审查隐私设置、营销退订与账号注销路径", "审查用户拒绝授权或降级方案时经过的步骤" ], "when_not": [ "作为降低流失率的推荐手段", "以“防止误操作”为名给退出路径叠加超出必要的步骤" ], "tradeoff": "修复时让退出与进入同样容易：用与进入相同数量级的步骤、同等可见的入口和准确的动作名称；不可逆操作保留一次清晰确认即可。挽留信息可以出现，但不得成为完成动作的前置条件。", "comparison": { "focus": "退出或完成动作是否被人为加难", "mechanism": "在退出路径上堆叠步骤、隐藏入口或强制人工环节", "cost": "用户被困在不再想要的服务或设置中，信任受损并可能触发监管风险" }, "sources": [ { "id": "deceptive-obstruction", "title": "Deceptive Patterns · Obstruction", "url": "https://www.deceptive.design/types/obstruction", "claim": "把阻碍定义为在用户路径上刻意制造障碍，使完成目标动作变得更困难的欺骗模式。", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.deceptive.design/types/obstruction", "status": "available", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15T18:17:52.393Z", "jobId": "spn2-a527e8ea7244e4f62083a1ca69e9fb447bbc8caf", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915181817/https://deceptive.design/types/obstruction/", "timestamp": "20260915181817" } }, { "id": "deceptive-hard-to-cancel", "title": "Deceptive Patterns · Hard to cancel", "url": "https://www.deceptive.design/types/hard-to-cancel", "claim": "将“难以取消”（旧称 Roach Motel）描述为注册容易、取消却非常困难的欺骗模式。", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.deceptive.design/types/hard-to-cancel", "status": "available", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15T18:17:58.871Z", "jobId": "spn2-f47894c7f1de95480be52a08c1b829fba92f3e46", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915181822/https://deceptive.design/types/hard-to-cancel/", "timestamp": "20260915181822" } }, { "id": "ftc-click-to-cancel-2024", "title": "FTC · Federal Trade Commission Announces Final “Click-to-Cancel” Rule (2024-10-16)", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/10/federal-trade-commission-announces-final-click-cancel-rule-making-it-easier-consumers-end-recurring", "claim": "2024 年 10 月的新闻稿称该规则要求商家让取消像注册一样容易；本条仅引用其表述，不对规则此后的司法与修订进程作法律结论。", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/10/federal-trade-commission-announces-final-click-cancel-rule-making-it-easier-consumers-end-recurring", "status": "available", "checkedAt": "2026-09-22T14:48:58.678Z", "jobId": "spn2-3688daaebed4104230f60816432f1bdec08c8ac0", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260908205422/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/10/federal-trade-commission-announces-final-click-cancel-rule-making-it-easier-consumers-end-recurring", "timestamp": "20260908205422" } } ], "relations": [ { "target": "hidden-costs", "kind": "related", "condition": "审查订阅与结算流程", "reason": "两者常同时出现，但机制不同：一个推迟披露费用，一个加难退出。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "confirmshaming", "kind": "composes_with", "condition": "退出路径中的挽留页使用贬低性文案", "reason": "羞辱式文案常被叠加在阻碍流程的挽留步骤上，应分别记录。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "modal-dialog", "kind": "misused_as", "condition": "用连续弹窗要求用户反复确认取消", "reason": "一次清晰确认是保护，多层弹窗则成为障碍。", "basis": "editorial" } ], "rules": [ { "when": "提供取消、退订或注销路径", "instruction": "让退出步骤数与进入路径处于同一数量级，并使用同样可见的入口。", "strength": "must", "basis": "editorial" }, { "when": "退出前展示挽留信息", "instruction": "挽留内容至多出现一次，且不得阻断完成动作。", "strength": "recommend", "basis": "editorial" }, { "when": "线上进入的服务", "instruction": "允许通过同一渠道退出，不应强制转到电话或人工客服。", "strength": "recommend", "basis": "editorial" } ], "anti": { "harm": "把用户困在不想要的服务或设置中，剥夺其实际上的退出自由", "repair": "用与进入对称的步骤和同等可见的入口提供退出，仅保留一次清晰确认。" }, "demo": null, "version": "0.1.0", "editorialStatus": "drafted", "requirements": [], "demoCapabilities": [], "implementationNote": "本条尚无可操作的样本；插画为编辑示意。应用到产品时仍须核对：进入与退出的实际步骤数、退出入口的可见性、挽留步骤是否可跳过，以及所在法域对取消流程的具体要求。", "image": { "src": "/images/obstruction.webp", "alt": "一个虚构的 FIELDNOTES 设置页面：保留订阅的按钮硕大醒目，取消路径则是藏在多层警告之下的细小灰色链接，旁边有一枚细小的警示标记。" }, "searchTerms": [ "anti-pattern", "cancellation", "unsubscribe", "account deletion", "friction" ] } }