{ "_description": "本文件由 data/ 生成：请改动来源文件，不要改这里。各字段的证据边界见接入指南。", "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "kind": "entry", "locale": "zh-CN", "id": "participatory-design", "name": { "zh": "参与式设计", "en": "Participatory Design" }, "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/participatory-design/", "self": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/participatory-design.json", "alternates": { "zh-CN": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/participatory-design.json", "en": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/participatory-design.json" }, "site": { "catalogSchemaVersion": "0.1.0", "entries": 158, "index": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/index.json", "query": "https://designvocabulary.com/api/query?lang=zh", "guide": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/agents/", "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt" }, "provenance": { "sourceBacked": [ "entry.definition" ], "editorial": [ "entry.boundary", "entry.signature", "entry.when", "entry.when_not", "entry.tradeoff", "entry.comparison", "entry.rules", "entry.relations", "entry.implementationNote", "entry.philosophy" ], "scope": "定义参考以上来源；数字界面示例、选择建议、条件关系及配方由本样例编辑，尚未经用户研究验证。", "editorialStatus": "drafted", "specimenData": "fictional", "specimenNote": "示例为原创虚构界面；定义附来源，用法与配方为编辑建议。", "sources": [ { "id": "ixdf-participatory-design", "url": "https://ixdf.org/literature/topics/participatory-design", "title": "Interaction Design Foundation · Participatory Design", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15", "archive": { "status": "available", "confirmed": true, "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260312095849/https://ixdf.org/literature/topics/participatory-design", "capturedAt": "2026-03-12T09:58:49Z", "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://ixdf.org/literature/topics/participatory-design" } }, { "id": "wikipedia-participatory-design", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_design", "title": "Wikipedia · Participatory Design", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15", "archive": { "status": "available", "confirmed": true, "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916055811/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_design", "capturedAt": "2026-09-16T05:58:11Z", "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_design" } } ], "lists": [ { "id": "H-C", "edition": "classic", "seat": 5, "origin": "issue-1-ledger", "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/H-C/", "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/H-C.json" }, { "id": "H-Y", "edition": "2026-focus", "seat": 5, "origin": "issue-1-ledger", "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/H-Y/", "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/H-Y.json" } ], "ordered": false, "listDisclaimer": "席位号是编辑位置，不是评分、排名或人气统计；清单未收满时保持原样，不补足。" }, "entry": { "id": "participatory-design", "type": "philosophy", "name": { "zh": "参与式设计", "en": "Participatory Design" }, "aliases": [ "PD", "共同设计", "Co-Design" ], "granularity": "experience", "intents": [ "include-users", "co-design" ], "tags": [ "共同决策", "利益相关者", "工作坊", "劳资民主", "补偿参与者" ], "definition": "让将受设计结果影响的人以共同设计者的身份直接参与设计过程和关键决策，而不只是作为被研究、观察后再由他人代为设计的对象；源自 1960-1970 年代北欧工会与劳资民主传统。", "boundary": "与以人为中心的设计不同：后者把用户的需求与情境放在过程核心，但方案的取舍与最终决策仍由设计团队做出；参与式设计要求受影响的人本身掌握部分决策权。也不同于包容性设计：包容性设计聚焦识别排除与能力差异，参与式设计的核心区别在于谁拥有决策权，而不是覆盖了哪些能力差异。若参与者的意见对结果没有实际影响，让人参加会议本身并不构成参与式设计。", "signature": [ "会议或工作坊开始前就说明参与者能够真正改变哪些决策", "受影响的人以共同设计者身份参与构思与评估，而不只是被访谈或测试", "参与者投入的时间与专业知识得到相应补偿" ], "when": [ "决策将长期影响某个具体群体的工作方式或生活，需要他们的在地知识", "团队希望在方案定型前降低把外部方案强加于使用者的风险", "有能力在早期阶段给予参与者真实的决策影响权限，而不只是征求意见" ], "when_not": [ "方案已经内定，只是想为既定决定找参与者背书", "把一次性访谈或可用性测试包装成参与式设计", "无法补偿参与者的时间与专业知识，却要求其深度、反复投入" ], "tradeoff": "让受影响者掌握部分决策权会拉长周期、增加协调与补偿成本，产出也可能与团队原有设想冲突，需要在效率与共同决策之间权衡。", "comparison": { "focus": "谁参与设计决策、决策权归谁", "mechanism": "共同设计工作坊，受影响者作为共同设计者参与构思、评估与取舍", "cost": "需要真实的决策授权、协调时间与参与者补偿" }, "sources": [ { "id": "ixdf-participatory-design", "title": "Interaction Design Foundation · Participatory Design", "url": "https://ixdf.org/literature/topics/participatory-design", "claim": "说明参与式设计让用户与利益相关者在整个设计过程中（而不仅是原型测试阶段）拥有真正影响设计决策的权力，构思环节使用者本人也在场。", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://ixdf.org/literature/topics/participatory-design", "status": "available", "checkedAt": "2026-09-23T12:16:15.688Z", "jobId": "spn2-350af7191c4e5c52330d6248a0e84db965b25832", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260312095849/https://ixdf.org/literature/topics/participatory-design", "timestamp": "20260312095849" } }, { "id": "wikipedia-participatory-design", "title": "Wikipedia · Participatory Design", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_design", "claim": "记录参与式设计 1960-1970 年代在北欧多国工会与劳资民主传统中的起源，并指出其相比一般以用户为中心的设计具有解放性的理论基础。", "checkedAt": "2026-09-15", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_design", "status": "available", "checkedAt": "2026-09-22T14:48:33.452Z", "jobId": "spn2-bdd0f8c3c9d1a45df37034761c52c1c4c7a4f61a", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916055811/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_design", "timestamp": "20260916055811" } } ], "relations": [ { "target": "human-centered-design", "kind": "related", "condition": "决定谁能改变设计决策，而不只是谁被观察和征询", "reason": "两者都以真实的人为起点，但以人为中心的设计仍由团队做最终决策，参与式设计要求把部分决策权让渡给受影响的人。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "inclusive-design", "kind": "composes_with", "condition": "邀请共同设计者时决定参与人群的构成", "reason": "参与式设计若只邀请容易触达的人群，仍可能复制排除；包容性设计补上识别能力差异与排除的视角。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "trust-calibration", "kind": "informs", "condition": "向参与者说明他们的意见将如何被采纳或不被采纳", "reason": "事先说清哪些决定可以改变、哪些已经确定，是让参与者对过程建立恰当信任而非盲目信任的基础。", "basis": "editorial" } ], "rules": [ { "when": "工作坊、共同设计会议或深度访谈开始前", "instruction": "必须明确说清楚参与者的意见能够真正改变哪些决策，哪些已经确定、不会因这次参与而改变。", "strength": "must", "basis": "editorial" }, { "when": "邀请参与者投入时间与专业知识", "instruction": "应补偿参与者的时间与专业知识投入，例如报酬、致谢或其他对等回报。", "strength": "recommend", "basis": "editorial" }, { "when": "方案的关键取舍已经在会前定案", "instruction": "不得把这样的场次对外呈现为参与式设计；如需征求反馈，应如实称为意见征询。", "strength": "must", "basis": "editorial" } ], "philosophy": { "values": [ "共同决策", "在地知识", "真实授权" ], "tension": "邀请人参与 与 真正让渡决策权", "questions": [ "参与者能够改变哪些决策？哪些已经确定不会改变？", "参与者投入的时间与专业知识是否得到了补偿？" ] }, "demo": null, "version": "0.1.0", "editorialStatus": "drafted", "requirements": [], "demoCapabilities": [], "implementationNote": "尚无可操作样例；插图为编辑示意。应用到产品时仍须核实：参与者在事前是否被清楚告知可改变的决策范围、补偿是否真正落实、以及最终方案是否确实反映了共同决策的结果，而非事后为既定方案寻找参与背书。", "image": { "src": "/images/participatory-design.webp", "alt": "几位形状各异的人物围坐在一张摆着 FIELDNOTES 版面草图的桌旁，每人手持一支笔，其中一人正把一块拼图放到草图上。" }, "searchTerms": [ "shared decision-making", "stakeholders", "workshops", "workplace democracy", "compensating participants" ] } }