{
  "_description": "本文件由 data/ 生成：请改动来源文件，不要改这里。各字段的证据边界见接入指南。",
  "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
  "kind": "entry",
  "locale": "zh-CN",
  "id": "recognition",
  "name": {
    "zh": "识别优于回忆",
    "en": "Recognition Rather Than Recall"
  },
  "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/recognition/",
  "self": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/recognition.json",
  "alternates": {
    "zh-CN": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/recognition.json",
    "en": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/recognition.json"
  },
  "site": {
    "catalogSchemaVersion": "0.1.0",
    "entries": 158,
    "index": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/index.json",
    "query": "https://designvocabulary.com/api/query?lang=zh",
    "guide": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/agents/",
    "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt"
  },
  "provenance": {
    "sourceBacked": [
      "entry.definition"
    ],
    "editorial": [
      "entry.boundary",
      "entry.signature",
      "entry.when",
      "entry.when_not",
      "entry.tradeoff",
      "entry.comparison",
      "entry.rules",
      "entry.relations",
      "entry.implementationNote",
      "entry.principle"
    ],
    "scope": "定义参考以上来源；数字界面示例、选择建议、条件关系及配方由本样例编辑，尚未经用户研究验证。",
    "editorialStatus": "sample-reviewed",
    "specimenData": "fictional",
    "specimenNote": "示例为原创虚构界面；定义附来源，用法与配方为编辑建议。",
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "nng-recognition",
        "url": "https://www.nngroup.com/articles/recognition-and-recall/",
        "title": "NN/g · Memory Recognition and Recall",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "archive": {
          "status": "available",
          "confirmed": true,
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915165213/https://www.nngroup.com/articles/recognition-and-recall/",
          "capturedAt": "2026-09-15T16:52:13Z",
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.nngroup.com/articles/recognition-and-recall/"
        }
      }
    ],
    "lists": [
      {
        "id": "P-C",
        "edition": "classic",
        "seat": 2,
        "origin": "editorial-reconstruction",
        "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/P-C/",
        "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/P-C.json"
      }
    ],
    "ordered": false,
    "listDisclaimer": "席位号是编辑位置，不是评分、排名或人气统计；清单未收满时保持原样，不补足。"
  },
  "entry": {
    "id": "recognition",
    "type": "principle",
    "name": {
      "zh": "识别优于回忆",
      "en": "Recognition Rather Than Recall"
    },
    "aliases": [
      "Recognition over Recall",
      "识别而非记忆",
      "减少记忆负担"
    ],
    "granularity": "flow",
    "intents": [
      "find-option",
      "reduce-complexity"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "记忆",
      "可见选项",
      "新手",
      "查找",
      "提示"
    ],
    "definition": "让对象、动作和选项可见，减少用户从记忆中提取操作信息的需要。",
    "boundary": "不是把所有选项一次性堆满屏幕；可见性仍需要适当的分组、搜索或按需展开。",
    "signature": [
      "明确的选项名称",
      "与任务相邻的提示",
      "不要求记住内部代码"
    ],
    "when": [
      "用户不熟悉命令、分类代码或操作名称",
      "任务跨步骤且容易遗忘之前的信息"
    ],
    "when_not": [
      "把大量低相关选项同时显示，制造查找负担",
      "认为熟练用户永远不需要快捷命令"
    ],
    "tradeoff": "减少记忆依赖，但会占用显示空间并增加扫描成本。",
    "comparison": {
      "focus": "用户是否需要记住信息",
      "mechanism": "提供可识别的线索与选项",
      "cost": "可见信息的空间与扫描成本"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "nng-recognition",
        "title": "NN/g · Memory Recognition and Recall",
        "url": "https://www.nngroup.com/articles/recognition-and-recall/",
        "claim": "识别借助线索，回忆需要从记忆提取；界面可通过可见信息降低记忆负担。",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "archive": {
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.nngroup.com/articles/recognition-and-recall/",
          "status": "available",
          "checkedAt": "2026-09-15T16:51:46.175Z",
          "jobId": "spn2-4737f90b20212bd3fcf7ceac62283e1adde76b31",
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915165213/https://www.nngroup.com/articles/recognition-and-recall/",
          "timestamp": "20260915165213"
        }
      }
    ],
    "relations": [
      {
        "target": "progressive-disclosure",
        "kind": "composes_with",
        "condition": "主要选项可见、次要选项有明确入口",
        "reason": "平衡可见性与信息量。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "inclusive-design",
        "kind": "informs",
        "condition": "考虑记忆与认知差异",
        "reason": "可见线索可作为包容性设计的一项策略。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      }
    ],
    "rules": [
      {
        "when": "用户需要选择分类",
        "instruction": "展示人类可读的选项，避免只要求输入内部代码。",
        "strength": "recommend",
        "basis": "editorial"
      }
    ],
    "principle": {
      "evidenceType": "可用性启发式与记忆机制解释",
      "limit": "不保证任何选择列表都比文字输入更快。"
    },
    "demo": "recognition",
    "version": "0.1.0",
    "editorialStatus": "sample-reviewed",
    "requirements": [],
    "demoCapabilities": [
      "keyboard",
      "reduced_motion"
    ],
    "implementationNote": "能力标签只描述本演示；应用到产品时仍须重新验证。",
    "searchTerms": [
      "memory",
      "visible options",
      "beginners",
      "finding",
      "cues"
    ]
  }
}