{
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  "id": "shadow-banning",
  "name": {
    "zh": "隐形限流",
    "en": "Shadow Banning"
  },
  "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/shadow-banning/",
  "self": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/shadow-banning.json",
  "alternates": {
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    "query": "https://designvocabulary.com/api/query?lang=zh",
    "guide": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/agents/",
    "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt"
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  "provenance": {
    "sourceBacked": [
      "entry.definition"
    ],
    "editorial": [
      "entry.boundary",
      "entry.signature",
      "entry.when",
      "entry.when_not",
      "entry.tradeoff",
      "entry.comparison",
      "entry.rules",
      "entry.relations",
      "entry.implementationNote",
      "entry.anti"
    ],
    "scope": "定义参考以上来源；数字界面示例、选择建议、条件关系及配方由本样例编辑，尚未经用户研究验证。",
    "editorialStatus": "drafted",
    "specimenData": "fictional",
    "specimenNote": "示例为原创虚构界面；定义附来源，用法与配方为编辑建议。",
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "shadowban-dsa-art17",
        "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng",
        "title": "EUR-Lex · Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 (Digital Services Act), Article 17: Statement of reasons",
        "checkedAt": "2026-10-20",
        "archive": {
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          "url": null,
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      {
        "id": "shadowban-wikipedia",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_banning",
        "title": "Wikipedia · Shadow banning",
        "checkedAt": "2026-10-20",
        "archive": {
          "status": "unconfirmed",
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    "ordered": false,
    "listDisclaimer": "席位号是编辑位置，不是评分、排名或人气统计；清单未收满时保持原样，不补足。"
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  "entry": {
    "id": "shadow-banning",
    "type": "anti",
    "name": {
      "zh": "隐形限流",
      "en": "Shadow Banning"
    },
    "aliases": [
      "Stealth Banning",
      "Ghost Banning",
      "Hellbanning",
      "影子封禁",
      "暗中限流"
    ],
    "granularity": "experience",
    "intents": [
      "audit-choice",
      "assess-impact"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "反模式",
      "内容审核",
      "可见性",
      "告知",
      "申诉"
    ],
    "definition": "平台在不告知当事人的情况下压低其内容或账户的可见范围：当事人照常发布，也照常看到自己的内容，界面上一切如常，但其他人看不到或很少看到这些内容。",
    "boundary": "本词条针对的是\"限制可见性却不告诉当事人\"这一做法，而不是内容审核本身：删除、降权、限制分发都可能有正当理由。区别在于告知——公开说明限制类型、理由与申诉途径的降权不属于本词条。它也不同于排序算法造成的自然低曝光：只有平台针对特定用户或内容施加了限制、却让当事人看到的界面一切如常时，才是本词条所指。本词条不就任何具体平台是否这样做作出判断。对批量垃圾信息与滥用账户，平台常以\"告知会帮助对方规避\"为由不作说明；本词条承认这种张力，但认为不告知应当是被限定、被记录的例外，而不是默认做法。",
    "signature": [
      "发布操作显示成功，但内容在他人视角下不可见或被明显压低",
      "当事人看到的界面没有任何受限提示，也没有申诉入口",
      "当事人只能借助换账号或请他人查看等方式自行发现限制"
    ],
    "when": [
      "审查自有平台的审核与分发机制中是否存在不告知当事人的限制",
      "设计内容限制的通知、理由说明与申诉流程"
    ],
    "when_not": [
      "作为处理一般违规的默认手段",
      "以\"告知会被规避\"为由，对所有限制一律不作说明"
    ],
    "tradeoff": "修复的方向是让限制对当事人可见：说明哪些内容受到何种限制、依据哪条规则、持续多久、如何申诉。代价是部分滥用者会据此调整行为，审核团队也要承担更多的沟通与申诉工作；对确属批量垃圾的账户可以另定处理规则，但应写进公开政策，而不是留作隐形的例外。",
    "comparison": {
      "focus": "在当事人不知情时压低其内容的可见范围",
      "mechanism": "对当事人显示一切如常，对其他人隐藏或降权",
      "cost": "当事人无从申诉或修正，读者与作者对平台的信任一并下降"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "shadowban-dsa-art17",
        "title": "EUR-Lex · Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 (Digital Services Act), Article 17: Statement of reasons",
        "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng",
        "claim": "欧盟 2022 年 10 月 19 日通过的《数字服务法》（DSA）第 17 条第 1 款要求托管服务提供方，在以内容违法或违反其条款为由施加限制时，向受影响的服务接受者提供\"清晰、具体的理由说明\"；所列限制包括对特定信息可见性的任何限制（含删除、屏蔽访问或降权）、暂停或终止付款、暂停或终止全部或部分服务，以及暂停或终止账户。第 3 款规定说明至少应包含决定的类型、所依据的事实与情况、是否使用了自动化手段、法律或合同依据，以及可用的申诉与救济途径。第 2 款规定该义务仅在提供方掌握相关电子联系方式时适用，且不适用于欺骗性的大批量商业内容。本词条据此说明：在该法适用范围内，不告知的降权与法定的理由说明义务相冲突；适用范围与例外以原文为准。",
        "checkedAt": "2026-10-20",
        "archive": {
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261020*/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng",
          "status": "unconfirmed",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-20T08:00:27.016Z",
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        }
      },
      {
        "id": "shadowban-wikipedia",
        "title": "Wikipedia · Shadow banning",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_banning",
        "claim": "该条目把隐形限流（又称 stealth banning、hellbanning、ghost banning 或 comment ghosting）描述为在线社区中以当事人不易察觉的方式限制某个用户或其内容的做法，可由人工或算法执行；当事人通常仍能看到自己的帖子，而其他人看不到。条目还追溯到 1980 年代电子公告板系统中的类似功能，并认为 DSA 第 17 条的理由说明要求实际上禁止了这种做法，同时指出执行上常不到位。本词条的定义据此转述；关于 DSA 效果的判断属该条目的观点，不是法律结论。",
        "checkedAt": "2026-10-20",
        "archive": {
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261020*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_banning",
          "status": "unconfirmed",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-20T08:00:27.708Z",
          "error": "save-request-failed"
        }
      }
    ],
    "relations": [
      {
        "target": "visibility-of-system-status",
        "kind": "conflicts_when",
        "condition": "平台对当事人的内容施加了可见性限制",
        "reason": "界面对当事人显示一切正常，恰恰是让系统状态对受影响最大的那个人不可见。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "explainability",
        "kind": "conflicts_when",
        "condition": "当事人想知道内容为什么得不到展示",
        "reason": "没有理由说明，当事人既无法判断自己是否违规，也无法有针对性地修正或申诉。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "trust-calibration",
        "kind": "conflicts_when",
        "condition": "用户开始怀疑平台存在不告知的限制",
        "reason": "一旦怀疑无法被证实或排除，作者会把任何低曝光都归因于暗中限制，对平台的信任整体下调。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "status-message",
        "kind": "alternative",
        "condition": "平台确实需要限制某条内容或某个账户的分发",
        "reason": "用一条明确的状态消息告诉当事人受到何种限制、为何受限以及如何申诉，是对隐形做法最直接的替代。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      }
    ],
    "rules": [
      {
        "when": "平台对用户的内容或账户施加可见性限制",
        "instruction": "向当事人说明限制的类型、范围、依据与申诉途径；在《数字服务法》适用范围内，这是第 17 条规定的义务。",
        "strength": "must",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "when": "确有理由对某类账户（例如批量垃圾）不作告知",
        "instruction": "把这类例外写进公开政策并限定范围，记录每一次决定，并定期复核是否仍有必要。",
        "strength": "recommend",
        "basis": "editorial"
      }
    ],
    "anti": {
      "harm": "当事人在不知情时失去读者，无法申诉或修正；作者无从分辨低曝光的原因，对平台的信任整体下降",
      "repair": "让限制对当事人可见：说明限制类型、范围、依据、期限与申诉途径；确需不告知的例外写进公开政策并记录、复核。"
    },
    "demo": null,
    "version": "0.1.0",
    "editorialStatus": "drafted",
    "requirements": [],
    "demoCapabilities": [],
    "implementationNote": "本词条是警示条目，不作为设计选用建议，也不对任何具体平台是否采用这一做法作出判断；插画为编辑示意，其中的帖子与账户均为虚构。审查自有平台时，可以从当事人视角与其他用户视角分别查看同一条受限内容，检验两者的差异是否已被告知。",
    "image": {
      "src": "/images/shadow-banning.webp",
      "alt": "一张示意图：两块并排的虚构信息流面板，左侧是发布者视角，一张带 FIELDNOTES 标记的帖子卡片正常显示并带有发布成功的对勾；右侧是其他用户视角，同一位置只剩一个虚线空位；两块面板之间隔着一道半透明的磨砂屏。"
    },
    "searchTerms": [
      "anti-pattern",
      "content moderation",
      "visibility",
      "notice",
      "appeal"
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}