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      "zh": "相似律",
      "en": "Similarity"
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      "Gestalt Similarity",
      "Law of Similarity",
      "相似原则",
      "相似性原则"
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      "格式塔",
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    "boundary": "相似律的分组线索是视觉属性，不是距离；它常被接近律或共同区域压过，也不替代语义标签、标题和无障碍分组信息。",
    "signature": [
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      "不同类元素在至少一个属性上明确区分",
      "打破相似性的元素成为视觉焦点"
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      "希望让链接、按钮、标签等同一功能的元素被一眼识别",
      "需要用有意的差异突出单个关键操作"
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      "用相同样式暗示功能上并不相关的元素",
      "把交互色同时用于不可交互的装饰元素",
      "只靠颜色区分分组，而不提供形状、文字等第二线索"
    ],
    "tradeoff": "视觉一致性能跨位置传达关联，但相似过度会让无关元素被误读为同组，也会削弱需要突出的元素。",
    "comparison": {
      "focus": "哪些元素在功能或类别上属于一类",
      "mechanism": "共享视觉属性影响感知分组",
      "cost": "需要维护属性系统的一致性，并为颜色线索提供备份"
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        "title": "IxDF · What are the Gestalt Principles?",
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        "claim": "共享表面特征（形状、颜色、大小）的元素被感知为一组；可有意打破相似性来突出行动号召。",
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        "url": "https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/03/design-principles-visual-perception-and-the-principles-of-gestalt/",
        "claim": "相似特征包括颜色、形状、大小、纹理；差异可用作焦点以强调元素。",
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        "target": "proximity",
        "kind": "related",
        "condition": "同时使用距离与视觉属性表达分组",
        "reason": "接近律依靠距离，相似律依靠共享属性；两者冲突时距离常占上风，需保持线索一致。",
        "basis": "editorial"
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      {
        "target": "swiss",
        "kind": "composes_with",
        "condition": "排版系统以统一字号与色彩分层",
        "reason": "一致的文字样式让同级内容跨页面被识别为同类。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "inclusive-design",
        "kind": "informs",
        "condition": "分组线索依赖颜色",
        "reason": "颜色相似性对色觉差异用户可能失效，需要形状或文字备份。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      }
    ],
    "rules": [
      {
        "when": "用颜色表达分组或可交互性",
        "instruction": "不要只依赖颜色；同时提供形状、图标或文字等第二线索。",
        "strength": "must",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "when": "为同一功能的元素定义样式",
        "instruction": "让它们共享一致的视觉属性，并避免把该样式用于功能不同的元素。",
        "strength": "recommend",
        "basis": "editorial"
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    ],
    "principle": {
      "evidenceType": "感知原则的设计解释",
      "limit": "本词条不测量各属性的分组强度，也不规定颜色或尺寸的具体取值。"
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    "image": {
      "src": "/images/similarity.webp",
      "alt": "等距排列的圆形与方形网格，同色或同形的元素虽不相邻仍被看作一组。"
    },
    "searchTerms": [
      "grouping",
      "visual attributes",
      "Gestalt",
      "consistency",
      "visual relationships"
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