{ "_description": "本文件由 data/ 生成：请改动来源文件，不要改这里。各字段的证据边界见接入指南。", "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "kind": "entry", "locale": "zh-CN", "id": "voice-control-access", "name": { "zh": "语音控制", "en": "Voice Control (Accessibility)" }, "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/voice-control-access/", "self": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/voice-control-access.json", "alternates": { "zh-CN": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/voice-control-access.json", "en": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/voice-control-access.json" }, "site": { "catalogSchemaVersion": "0.1.0", "entries": 137, "index": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/index.json", "query": "https://designvocabulary.com/api/query?lang=zh", "guide": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/agents/", "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt" }, "provenance": { "sourceBacked": [ "entry.definition" ], "editorial": [ "entry.boundary", "entry.signature", "entry.when", "entry.when_not", "entry.tradeoff", "entry.comparison", "entry.rules", "entry.relations", "entry.implementationNote", "entry.behavior" ], "scope": "定义参考以上来源；数字界面示例、选择建议、条件关系及配方由本样例编辑，尚未经用户研究验证。", "editorialStatus": "drafted", "specimenData": "fictional", "specimenNote": "示例为原创虚构界面；定义附来源，用法与配方为编辑建议。", "sources": [ { "id": "voicecontrol-w3c-2-5-3", "url": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/label-in-name.html", "title": "W3C · Understanding SC 2.5.3: Label in Name (WCAG 2.2, Level A)", "checkedAt": "2026-09-16", "archive": { "status": "available", "confirmed": true, "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916173612/https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/label-in-name.html", "capturedAt": "2026-09-16T17:36:12Z", "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/label-in-name.html" } }, { "id": "voicecontrol-speech-recognition", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_recognition", "title": "Wikipedia · Speech recognition", "checkedAt": "2026-09-16", "archive": { "status": "unconfirmed", "confirmed": false, "url": null, "capturedAt": null, "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_recognition" } } ], "lists": [], "ordered": false, "listDisclaimer": "席位号是编辑位置，不是评分、排名或人气统计；清单未收满时保持原样，不补足。" }, "entry": { "id": "voice-control-access", "type": "interaction", "name": { "zh": "语音控制", "en": "Voice Control (Accessibility)" }, "aliases": [ "Voice Access", "Speech Input", "语音操控", "口述操作" ], "granularity": "experience", "intents": [ "provide-alternative", "reduce-exclusion" ], "tags": [ "语音输入", "无障碍", "可见标签", "替代输入", "操作界面" ], "definition": "不用手也能操作界面的输入方式：用户说出控件上看得见的名称或它旁边的编号，系统据此激活对应控件，等同于一次点击。", "boundary": "语音控制是操作界面的替代输入方式，目的是\"代替手\"；它不是对话式助理，用户不是在描述意图让系统去理解，而是在说出屏幕上已有的控件名称。它也不是语音输入法：后者把说话转成文字填进字段，语音控制操作的是控件本身。这一区别决定了它对界面的核心要求——可见标签必须包含在控件的程序化名称里，否则用户念出看到的字，系统却匹配不上。这条要求是 WCAG 的 A 级成功准则，不是可选优化。", "signature": [ "用户说出的是屏幕上看得见的控件名称或编号", "可操作元素可以被统一编号或高亮，供直接称呼", "一次语音指令等价于一次点击，而不是一段意图描述" ], "when": [ "用户无法或不便使用指点设备与键盘", "双手被占用或环境不允许触碰设备", "界面上的操作以点击既有控件为主，可被逐一称呼" ], "when_not": [ "控件只有图标没有可见文字，用户不知道该说什么", "可见标签与程序化名称不一致，说出看到的字反而无效", "把它当作对话助理，期待系统理解未在界面上出现的意图" ], "tradeoff": "语音把操作从手上解放出来，代价是它完全依赖界面的可称呼性：控件如果没有可见且一致的名称，用户就只能退回到逐个编号地念数字，速度与准确性都会明显下降。", "comparison": { "focus": "不用手完成界面上的操作", "mechanism": "说出可见的控件名称或编号来激活它", "cost": "完全依赖控件是否有可见且一致的名称" }, "sources": [ { "id": "voicecontrol-w3c-2-5-3", "title": "W3C · Understanding SC 2.5.3: Label in Name (WCAG 2.2, Level A)", "url": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/label-in-name.html", "claim": "该成功准则要求：带有文字标签或文字图像标签的界面组件，其名称必须包含视觉呈现的那段文字。文档把要点概括为\"控件的视觉标签是语音激活的触发词\"，做法是\"在可行处让控件的文字标签与名称一致\"，理由是\"使用语音交互的人会用可见标签来下达指令\"，并提示最佳实践是把标签文字放在名称的开头。本词条的核心要求据此转述。", "checkedAt": "2026-09-16", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/label-in-name.html", "status": "available", "checkedAt": "2026-09-16T17:35:48.458Z", "jobId": "spn2-12c3ac61b3ade72eeb0233f94a70e7d0df5d57fb", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916173612/https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/label-in-name.html", "timestamp": "20260916173612" } }, { "id": "voicecontrol-speech-recognition", "title": "Wikipedia · Speech recognition", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_recognition", "claim": "该条目说明语音识别是把口语转换为文本的跨学科技术，并把\"由于身体障碍而难以使用键鼠的用户\"列为其无障碍用途之一；本词条据此说明这一输入方式面向的人群，识别准确率随口音、噪声与词表变化的问题以该条目为准。", "checkedAt": "2026-09-16", "archive": { "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_recognition", "status": "unconfirmed", "checkedAt": "2026-09-16T17:35:53.412Z", "error": "status-request-failed", "jobId": "spn2-8e96700e723735972e33d841f070f5808286f5ed" } } ], "relations": [ { "target": "perceivable-alternatives", "kind": "composes_with", "condition": "界面上存在只有图标、没有可见文字的控件", "reason": "语音用户需要一个可以念出来的名称，图标必须配有可见且一致的文字才可被称呼。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "inclusive-design", "kind": "realized_by", "condition": "产品需要覆盖无法使用指点设备的用户", "reason": "语音控制是把\"不用手也能完成任务\"落到实处的一种具体输入通道。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "drag-and-drop", "kind": "conflicts_when", "condition": "某项功能只能通过拖动完成", "reason": "语音无法表达连续的拖动轨迹，这类功能必须另有可被称呼的单步操作。", "basis": "editorial" }, { "target": "conversational-interface", "kind": "alternative", "condition": "用户用说话与产品交互", "reason": "对话式界面让用户描述意图并由系统解释，语音控制让用户直接称呼屏幕上已有的控件；两者的心智模型完全不同。", "basis": "editorial" } ], "rules": [ { "when": "控件带有可见的文字标签", "instruction": "让它的程序化名称包含这段可见文字，最好以它开头，使用户念出看到的字就能激活。", "strength": "must", "basis": "editorial" }, { "when": "控件只有图标", "instruction": "提供可见的文字名称，或在语音模式下显示可念出的编号；不要只依赖工具提示。", "strength": "recommend", "basis": "editorial" } ], "behavior": { "states": [ "idle", "listening", "matched", "ambiguous" ], "a11y": [ "可见标签与可访问名称一致，是这一模式成立的前提", "匹配到多个同名控件时给出可区分的编号而不是随机选择" ], "motion": "编号叠层直接显示，无需动画" }, "demo": null, "version": "0.1.0", "editorialStatus": "drafted", "requirements": [], "demoCapabilities": [], "implementationNote": "本词条尚无可操作示例；插画为编辑示意，展示编号叠层与可见标签的关系，不代表已验证的实现。应用到产品前仍须逐一核对可见标签是否包含在可访问名称中，并实测同名控件的消歧方式。", "image": { "src": "/images/voice-control-access.webp", "alt": "一张名为 FIELDNOTES 的虚构界面示意：每个可操作控件旁浮着一个圆形编号标记，其中一个带可见文字标签的按钮被高亮，画面下方是一条表示正在聆听的波形条。" }, "searchTerms": [ "speech input", "accessibility", "visible label", "alternative input", "operating the UI" ] } }