{
  "_description": "本文件由 data/ 生成：请改动来源文件，不要改这里。各字段的证据边界见接入指南。",
  "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
  "kind": "entry",
  "locale": "zh-CN",
  "id": "wizard",
  "name": {
    "zh": "分步向导",
    "en": "Wizard"
  },
  "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/wizard/",
  "self": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/wizard.json",
  "alternates": {
    "zh-CN": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/wizard.json",
    "en": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/entries/wizard.json"
  },
  "site": {
    "catalogSchemaVersion": "0.1.0",
    "entries": 158,
    "index": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/index.json",
    "query": "https://designvocabulary.com/api/query?lang=zh",
    "guide": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/agents/",
    "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt"
  },
  "provenance": {
    "sourceBacked": [
      "entry.definition"
    ],
    "editorial": [
      "entry.boundary",
      "entry.signature",
      "entry.when",
      "entry.when_not",
      "entry.tradeoff",
      "entry.comparison",
      "entry.rules",
      "entry.relations",
      "entry.implementationNote",
      "entry.behavior"
    ],
    "scope": "定义参考以上来源；数字界面示例、选择建议、条件关系及配方由本样例编辑，尚未经用户研究验证。",
    "editorialStatus": "drafted",
    "specimenData": "fictional",
    "specimenNote": "示例为原创虚构界面；定义附来源，用法与配方为编辑建议。",
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "nng-wizards",
        "url": "https://www.nngroup.com/articles/wizards/",
        "title": "NN/g · Wizards: Definition and Design Recommendations",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "archive": {
          "status": "available",
          "confirmed": true,
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916041857/https://www.nngroup.com/articles/wizards/",
          "capturedAt": "2026-09-16T04:18:57Z",
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.nngroup.com/articles/wizards/"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "ms-win-wizards",
        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/win-wizards",
        "title": "Microsoft Learn · Wizards (Windows UX guide)",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "archive": {
          "status": "available",
          "confirmed": true,
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915183647/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/win-wizards",
          "capturedAt": "2026-09-15T18:36:47Z",
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/win-wizards"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "wcag-redundant-entry",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/redundant-entry.html",
        "title": "W3C · Understanding SC 3.3.7: Redundant Entry (WCAG 2.2, Level A)",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "archive": {
          "status": "available",
          "confirmed": true,
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916042025/https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/redundant-entry.html",
          "capturedAt": "2026-09-16T04:20:25Z",
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/redundant-entry.html"
        }
      }
    ],
    "lists": [
      {
        "id": "I-C",
        "edition": "classic",
        "seat": 5,
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/I-C/",
        "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/I-C.json"
      }
    ],
    "ordered": false,
    "listDisclaimer": "席位号是编辑位置，不是评分、排名或人气统计；清单未收满时保持原样，不补足。"
  },
  "entry": {
    "id": "wizard",
    "type": "interaction",
    "name": {
      "zh": "分步向导",
      "en": "Wizard"
    },
    "aliases": [
      "向导",
      "分步流程",
      "setup wizard"
    ],
    "granularity": "flow",
    "intents": [
      "configure",
      "reduce-complexity"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "步骤",
      "设置",
      "新手",
      "上一步",
      "进度"
    ],
    "definition": "把一项任务拆成按既定顺序逐步完成的多个页面，后续步骤可依赖前面输入的信息；用户通过下一步与上一步在页面之间移动。",
    "boundary": "分步向导是流程模式而不是页面结构：它规定固定、有序的阶段和显式的下一步、上一步与进度，不同于渐进披露的按需展开，也不同于把所有字段放在一页里的单栏长表单。若一页就能装下全部问题，或问题之间没有先后依赖，通常不需要向导。",
    "signature": [
      "步骤有固定顺序，并显示当前位置与总步数",
      "每一步只处理任务的一个方面，配有显式的下一步与上一步",
      "返回上一步后已填写的内容仍然保留"
    ],
    "when": [
      "新手或偶尔执行的任务，例如首次配置、安装、接入设备",
      "后续问题依赖前面的回答，必须按顺序收集",
      "一次性完成的任务步骤多到一页放不下"
    ],
    "when_not": [
      "熟练用户高频重复的任务，逐页点击会显得拖沓而受控",
      "问题之间没有先后依赖，一个对话框或单页表单更轻",
      "把多个彼此无关的任务硬塞进同一个向导"
    ],
    "tradeoff": "换来的是每一步的专注与对新手的引导，代价是更多的点击与页面切换；步数过多或分支过多时用户会失去对位置的把握。",
    "comparison": {
      "focus": "让用户按既定顺序一步一步完成单个任务",
      "mechanism": "把任务拆为有序页面，用导航按钮与进度指示串联",
      "cost": "额外的页面切换、状态保持与退出路径的实现负担"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "nng-wizards",
        "title": "NN/g · Wizards: Definition and Design Recommendations",
        "url": "https://www.nngroup.com/articles/wizards/",
        "claim": "向导是让用户按既定顺序输入信息的分步流程，后续步骤可依赖前面的输入；建议展示步骤列表并高亮当前步骤、提供前后导航、每步自足、允许中途退出并保存状态，且主要用于新手或不常执行的流程。",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "archive": {
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.nngroup.com/articles/wizards/",
          "status": "available",
          "checkedAt": "2026-09-16T04:18:31.200Z",
          "jobId": "spn2-68c8f2410a7c9c9c5a1635be180c8e07a9e17593",
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916041857/https://www.nngroup.com/articles/wizards/",
          "timestamp": "20260916041857"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "ms-win-wizards",
        "title": "Microsoft Learn · Wizards (Windows UX guide)",
        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/win-wizards",
        "claim": "向导用于多步骤任务，多步必须合成用户眼中的单一任务；每页只处理一个方面；下一步不代表承诺，上一步应始终可用且导航时保留用户选择；先考虑对话框或单页等更轻的替代方案。",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "archive": {
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/win-wizards",
          "status": "available",
          "checkedAt": "2026-09-15T18:35:11.212Z",
          "jobId": "spn2-86d4406779219d57c5806545c97b47c6d077d8e6",
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915183647/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/win-wizards",
          "timestamp": "20260915183647"
        }
      },
      {
        "id": "wcag-redundant-entry",
        "title": "W3C · Understanding SC 3.3.7: Redundant Entry (WCAG 2.2, Level A)",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/redundant-entry.html",
        "claim": "同一流程中用户先前输入或被提供的信息若需再次输入，应自动填充或可供选择；例外是重新输入属必要、涉及安全或原信息已失效。该准则旨在帮助用户完成多步骤流程。",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-15",
        "archive": {
          "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/redundant-entry.html",
          "status": "available",
          "checkedAt": "2026-09-16T04:19:11.084Z",
          "jobId": "spn2-7f13ad73a95fde3c32f93308701438b13ad1ea73",
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916042025/https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/redundant-entry.html",
          "timestamp": "20260916042025"
        }
      }
    ],
    "relations": [
      {
        "target": "progressive-disclosure",
        "kind": "related",
        "condition": "次要内容可以按需展开而无需固定顺序",
        "reason": "渐进披露由用户决定何时展开，向导则规定阶段顺序；不要因为内容较多就把可选设置做成必经步骤。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "single-column",
        "kind": "composes_with",
        "condition": "设计向导中的单个步骤页面",
        "reason": "每一步只关注一个决定，单栏表单能让该步的字段顺序清楚且不分散注意力。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "error-prevention",
        "kind": "realized_by",
        "condition": "任务分步后每步可即时校验",
        "reason": "把输入拆到有序步骤中，可以在进入下一步前发现并修正错误，而不是提交整张长表单后才报错。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "target": "modal-dialog",
        "kind": "composes_with",
        "condition": "任务必须先完成才能继续使用主界面",
        "reason": "向导可以放在模态容器中，但这会叠加打断代价；能内嵌为页面的向导优先内嵌。",
        "basis": "editorial"
      }
    ],
    "rules": [
      {
        "when": "用户处于任意步骤",
        "instruction": "显示当前步骤位置与总步数，并允许返回上一步而不丢失已填内容。",
        "strength": "must",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "when": "同一流程中需要用到用户已输入的信息",
        "instruction": "自动填充或提供可选值，不要再次要求输入；仅在必要、涉及安全或信息已失效时例外。",
        "strength": "must",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "when": "规划每一步的内容",
        "instruction": "让每一步聚焦一个决定，不把多个子任务或标签页塞进同一页。",
        "strength": "recommend",
        "basis": "editorial"
      },
      {
        "when": "用户想中途退出",
        "instruction": "提供退出途径并说明后果，例如已填内容是否保存、能否稍后继续。",
        "strength": "recommend",
        "basis": "editorial"
      }
    ],
    "behavior": {
      "states": [
        "step-active",
        "step-completed",
        "step-pending",
        "validating",
        "committed",
        "exited"
      ],
      "a11y": [
        "步骤指示器以文字暴露当前位置，例如第 2 步，共 4 步",
        "切换步骤后焦点移到新步骤的标题或首个控件",
        "上一步与下一步为可键盘操作的真实按钮"
      ],
      "motion": "步骤切换不依赖动画；减弱动态偏好下直接替换内容"
    },
    "demo": null,
    "version": "0.1.0",
    "editorialStatus": "drafted",
    "requirements": [],
    "demoCapabilities": [],
    "implementationNote": "本词条尚无可操作示例；插画为编辑示意。应用到产品时仍须验证返回上一步是否保留输入、步骤位置是否被辅助技术读出，以及是否存在重复索取已填信息的步骤。",
    "image": {
      "src": "/images/wizard.webp",
      "alt": "虚构的 FIELDNOTES 设置界面：顶部四步进度指示器中第二步高亮，中间是一个聚焦的表单区块，底部左右分别是上一步与下一步按钮。"
    },
    "searchTerms": [
      "steps",
      "setup",
      "beginners",
      "back",
      "progress"
    ]
  }
}