{
  "_description": "本文件由 data/ 生成：请改动来源文件，不要改这里。各字段的证据边界见接入指南。",
  "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
  "kind": "list",
  "locale": "zh-CN",
  "id": "A-C",
  "name": {
    "zh": "反模式 · 经典基础",
    "en": "Anti-patterns · Classic foundation"
  },
  "headline": {
    "zh": "欺骗性设计 Top 10：10 大经典暗黑模式（Dark Patterns）",
    "en": "Top 10 Classic Dark Patterns in UX, and How to Spot Them"
  },
  "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/A-C/",
  "self": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/A-C.json",
  "alternates": {
    "zh-CN": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/A-C.json",
    "en": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/lists/A-C.json"
  },
  "site": {
    "catalogSchemaVersion": "0.1.0",
    "entries": 158,
    "index": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/index.json",
    "query": "https://designvocabulary.com/api/query?lang=zh",
    "guide": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/agents/",
    "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt"
  },
  "provenance": {
    "selection": "editorial",
    "ordered": false,
    "disclaimer": "席位号是编辑位置，不是评分、排名或人气统计；清单未收满时保持原样，不补足。",
    "titleNote": "标题中的“Top”与“N 大”是检索用语：本版是编辑选择，不是排名、评分或人气统计。",
    "seatOrigins": {
      "issue-1-ledger": "席位来自计划 issue #1 的清单账本。",
      "editorial-reconstruction": "席位由本仓库编辑判断补上。"
    },
    "evidence": "分类学说明这种手法存在并被命名，不等于每个观察到的案例都违法；监管审查的结论限于其调查范围与时间。本清单不统计发生率。",
    "nominalSize": 10,
    "seatCount": 10,
    "filled": true,
    "sibling": {
      "id": "A-Y",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/A-Y/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/A-Y.json"
    }
  },
  "seats": [
    {
      "seat": 1,
      "entry": "confirmshaming",
      "origin": "editorial-reconstruction",
      "reason": "给这一类立一个基准：用文案施加情绪压力，使人不愿拒绝。",
      "name": "羞辱式拒绝文案",
      "type": "anti",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/confirmshaming/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/confirmshaming.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 2,
      "entry": "hidden-costs",
      "origin": "editorial-reconstruction",
      "reason": "补上“过晚披露必付费用”的机制，问题出在时机而非金额。",
      "name": "隐瞒成本",
      "type": "anti",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/hidden-costs/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/hidden-costs.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 3,
      "entry": "obstruction",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上在路径上设障碍的机制，与隐瞒信息不同。",
      "name": "阻碍退出或完成",
      "type": "anti",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/obstruction/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/obstruction.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 4,
      "entry": "hidden-subscription",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上把一次性动作变成持续承诺的机制，不与隐瞒成本合并。",
      "name": "隐性订阅",
      "type": "anti",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/hidden-subscription/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/hidden-subscription.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 5,
      "entry": "preselection",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上利用默认值施压的机制，与文案施压方式不同。",
      "name": "操纵性预选",
      "type": "anti",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/preselection/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/preselection.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 6,
      "entry": "false-urgency",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上伪造时间限制的机制。",
      "name": "虚假紧迫感",
      "type": "anti",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/false-urgency/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/false-urgency.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 7,
      "entry": "false-scarcity",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上伪造供给稀缺的机制，与伪造时间限制分开记。",
      "name": "虚假稀缺",
      "type": "anti",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/false-scarcity/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/false-scarcity.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 8,
      "entry": "nagging",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上“已拒绝仍反复打断”的机制，并把同意疲劳诱导收作变体。",
      "name": "持续纠缠",
      "type": "anti",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/nagging/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/nagging.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 9,
      "entry": "visual-interference",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上以视觉手段而非文案施压的机制。",
      "name": "视觉干扰式诱导",
      "type": "anti",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/visual-interference/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/visual-interference.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 10,
      "entry": "disguised-ads",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上把广告伪装成界面元素的机制，伤害在于误判点击对象。",
      "name": "伪装广告",
      "type": "anti",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/disguised-ads/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/disguised-ads.json"
    }
  ],
  "list": {
    "id": "A-C",
    "category": "anti",
    "edition": "classic",
    "name": {
      "zh": "反模式 · 经典基础",
      "en": "Anti-patterns · Classic foundation"
    },
    "headline": {
      "zh": "欺骗性设计 Top 10：10 大经典暗黑模式（Dark Patterns）",
      "en": "Top 10 Classic Dark Patterns in UX, and How to Spot Them"
    },
    "note": "反模式的经典清单：用于识别和审查，其中任何一条都不是可采用的做法。",
    "keywords": [
      "暗黑模式",
      "黑暗模式设计",
      "欺骗性设计",
      "诱导性设计",
      "诱导设计",
      "隐性订阅",
      "虚假紧迫感",
      "伪装广告"
    ],
    "lead": "这一版收录的是已经被反复记录的欺骗性设计手法。它只用于识别与审查——本站的查询在选择模式下会排除反模式，只有审查模式才会返回它们。",
    "criteria": [
      "有可核实的分类学或监管审查记录过这种手法。",
      "它的机制可以说清楚，能与相邻手法区分，而不是笼统的“体验不好”。",
      "描述的是设计选择造成的伤害，而不是执行上的疏忽。"
    ],
    "pairing": "与《反模式 · 2026 关注》相比，这一版覆盖更完整；重合的条目说明该手法在近期仍被记录。",
    "evidence": "分类学说明这种手法存在并被命名，不等于每个观察到的案例都违法；监管审查的结论限于其调查范围与时间。本清单不统计发生率。",
    "seats": [
      {
        "seat": 1,
        "entry": "confirmshaming",
        "origin": "editorial-reconstruction",
        "reason": "给这一类立一个基准：用文案施加情绪压力，使人不愿拒绝。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 2,
        "entry": "hidden-costs",
        "origin": "editorial-reconstruction",
        "reason": "补上“过晚披露必付费用”的机制，问题出在时机而非金额。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 3,
        "entry": "obstruction",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上在路径上设障碍的机制，与隐瞒信息不同。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 4,
        "entry": "hidden-subscription",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上把一次性动作变成持续承诺的机制，不与隐瞒成本合并。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 5,
        "entry": "preselection",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上利用默认值施压的机制，与文案施压方式不同。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 6,
        "entry": "false-urgency",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上伪造时间限制的机制。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 7,
        "entry": "false-scarcity",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上伪造供给稀缺的机制，与伪造时间限制分开记。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 8,
        "entry": "nagging",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上“已拒绝仍反复打断”的机制，并把同意疲劳诱导收作变体。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 9,
        "entry": "visual-interference",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上以视觉手段而非文案施压的机制。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 10,
        "entry": "disguised-ads",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上把广告伪装成界面元素的机制，伤害在于误判点击对象。"
      }
    ]
  }
}