{
  "_description": "本文件由 data/ 生成：请改动来源文件，不要改这里。各字段的证据边界见接入指南。",
  "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
  "kind": "list",
  "locale": "zh-CN",
  "id": "H-C",
  "name": {
    "zh": "理念与哲学 · 经典基础",
    "en": "Ideas & philosophies · Classic foundation"
  },
  "headline": {
    "zh": "设计理念 Top 10：10 大经典设计哲学与方法论",
    "en": "Top 10 Classic Design Philosophies and Methodologies"
  },
  "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/H-C/",
  "self": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/H-C.json",
  "alternates": {
    "zh-CN": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/H-C.json",
    "en": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/lists/H-C.json"
  },
  "site": {
    "catalogSchemaVersion": "0.1.0",
    "entries": 158,
    "index": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/index.json",
    "query": "https://designvocabulary.com/api/query?lang=zh",
    "guide": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/agents/",
    "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt"
  },
  "provenance": {
    "selection": "editorial",
    "ordered": false,
    "disclaimer": "席位号是编辑位置，不是评分、排名或人气统计；清单未收满时保持原样，不补足。",
    "titleNote": "标题中的“Top”与“N 大”是检索用语：本版是编辑选择，不是排名、评分或人气统计。",
    "seatOrigins": {
      "issue-1-ledger": "席位来自计划 issue #1 的清单账本。",
      "editorial-reconstruction": "席位由本仓库编辑判断补上。"
    },
    "evidence": "立场之间没有排序。入选理由说明它在这一类里提出了哪一个不同的问题，不主张某一条更正确。",
    "nominalSize": 10,
    "seatCount": 10,
    "filled": true,
    "sibling": {
      "id": "H-Y",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/H-Y/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/H-Y.json"
    }
  },
  "seats": [
    {
      "seat": 1,
      "entry": "calm-technology",
      "origin": "editorial-reconstruction",
      "reason": "给这一类立一个基准：技术如何使用人的注意力。",
      "name": "平静技术",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/calm-technology/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/calm-technology.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 2,
      "entry": "inclusive-design",
      "origin": "editorial-reconstruction",
      "reason": "补上“从排除出发”的立场，强调差异而不是平均用户。",
      "name": "包容性设计",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/inclusive-design/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/inclusive-design.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 3,
      "entry": "human-centered-design",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上把人与其情境放在过程中心的方法取向。",
      "name": "以人为中心的设计",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/human-centered-design/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/human-centered-design.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 4,
      "entry": "universal-design",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上以“尽最大可能覆盖最广人群”为目标的方法论，与包容性设计侧重不同。",
      "name": "通用设计",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/universal-design/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/universal-design.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 5,
      "entry": "participatory-design",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上“受影响的人参与决策”这一方法取向，而不只是被研究。",
      "name": "参与式设计",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/participatory-design/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/participatory-design.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 6,
      "entry": "privacy-by-design",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上把隐私作为默认运行方式的立场，而不是事后补加。",
      "name": "隐私保护设计",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/privacy-by-design/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/privacy-by-design.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 7,
      "entry": "sustainable-design",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上对长期资源消耗的考量，与减少打断不是同一件事。",
      "name": "可持续设计",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/sustainable-design/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/sustainable-design.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 8,
      "entry": "value-sensitive-design",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上在过程中系统地考察人类价值的方法，不是包容性设计的同义词。",
      "name": "价值敏感设计",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/value-sensitive-design/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/value-sensitive-design.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 9,
      "entry": "progressive-enhancement",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上从最基础能力搭起的工程立场，与信息按需揭示无关。",
      "name": "渐进增强",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/progressive-enhancement/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/progressive-enhancement.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 10,
      "entry": "systems-thinking",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上把产品看作嵌在更大系统里的视角，解释为什么局部优化会有反效果。",
      "name": "系统思维",
      "type": "philosophy",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/systems-thinking/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/systems-thinking.json"
    }
  ],
  "list": {
    "id": "H-C",
    "category": "philosophy",
    "edition": "classic",
    "name": {
      "zh": "理念与哲学 · 经典基础",
      "en": "Ideas & philosophies · Classic foundation"
    },
    "headline": {
      "zh": "设计理念 Top 10：10 大经典设计哲学与方法论",
      "en": "Top 10 Classic Design Philosophies and Methodologies"
    },
    "note": "理念与哲学的经典基础：这些立场可以并存，没有总分更高的一项。",
    "keywords": [
      "设计理念",
      "设计哲学",
      "设计方法论",
      "以人为中心的设计",
      "包容性设计",
      "通用设计",
      "隐私保护设计",
      "可持续设计"
    ],
    "lead": "这一版收录的是可以同时成立的设计立场。它们不是互斥选项：一个项目完全可能同时是参与式的、隐私优先的、并且考虑长期资源消耗的。",
    "criteria": [
      "有可核实的出处说明这套立场的主张与方法，而不是一句口号。",
      "它会改变做事方式——影响谁参与、先做什么、以什么为默认——而不只是改变说法。",
      "与同类里相邻的立场侧重不同，不是同义替换。"
    ],
    "pairing": "与《理念与哲学 · 2026 关注》几乎完全重合。这说明这些立场仍在被讨论，不说明它们在 2026 年更受欢迎。",
    "evidence": "立场之间没有排序。入选理由说明它在这一类里提出了哪一个不同的问题，不主张某一条更正确。",
    "seats": [
      {
        "seat": 1,
        "entry": "calm-technology",
        "origin": "editorial-reconstruction",
        "reason": "给这一类立一个基准：技术如何使用人的注意力。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 2,
        "entry": "inclusive-design",
        "origin": "editorial-reconstruction",
        "reason": "补上“从排除出发”的立场，强调差异而不是平均用户。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 3,
        "entry": "human-centered-design",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上把人与其情境放在过程中心的方法取向。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 4,
        "entry": "universal-design",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上以“尽最大可能覆盖最广人群”为目标的方法论，与包容性设计侧重不同。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 5,
        "entry": "participatory-design",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上“受影响的人参与决策”这一方法取向，而不只是被研究。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 6,
        "entry": "privacy-by-design",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上把隐私作为默认运行方式的立场，而不是事后补加。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 7,
        "entry": "sustainable-design",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上对长期资源消耗的考量，与减少打断不是同一件事。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 8,
        "entry": "value-sensitive-design",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上在过程中系统地考察人类价值的方法，不是包容性设计的同义词。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 9,
        "entry": "progressive-enhancement",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上从最基础能力搭起的工程立场，与信息按需揭示无关。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 10,
        "entry": "systems-thinking",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上把产品看作嵌在更大系统里的视角，解释为什么局部优化会有反效果。"
      }
    ]
  }
}