{
  "_description": "本文件由 data/ 生成：请改动来源文件，不要改这里。各字段的证据边界见接入指南。",
  "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
  "kind": "list",
  "locale": "zh-CN",
  "id": "P-C",
  "name": {
    "zh": "原则与认知机制 · 经典基础",
    "en": "Principles & cognition · Classic foundation"
  },
  "headline": {
    "zh": "UX 设计原则 Top 10：10 大经典可用性与认知法则",
    "en": "Top 10 Classic UX Design Principles and Usability Laws"
  },
  "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/P-C/",
  "self": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/P-C.json",
  "alternates": {
    "zh-CN": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/P-C.json",
    "en": "https://designvocabulary.com/en/lists/P-C.json"
  },
  "site": {
    "catalogSchemaVersion": "0.1.0",
    "entries": 158,
    "index": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/index.json",
    "query": "https://designvocabulary.com/api/query?lang=zh",
    "guide": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/agents/",
    "llms": "https://designvocabulary.com/llms.txt"
  },
  "provenance": {
    "selection": "editorial",
    "ordered": false,
    "disclaimer": "席位号是编辑位置，不是评分、排名或人气统计；清单未收满时保持原样，不补足。",
    "titleNote": "标题中的“Top”与“N 大”是检索用语：本版是编辑选择，不是排名、评分或人气统计。",
    "seatOrigins": {
      "issue-1-ledger": "席位来自计划 issue #1 的清单账本。",
      "editorial-reconstruction": "席位由本仓库编辑判断补上。"
    },
    "evidence": "原则之间没有总分高低，它们从不同角度同时成立。其中两条是量化模型，适用范围以其原始研究条件为准，见词条来源。",
    "nominalSize": 10,
    "seatCount": 10,
    "filled": true,
    "sibling": {
      "id": "P-Y",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/P-Y/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/lists/P-Y.json"
    }
  },
  "seats": [
    {
      "seat": 1,
      "entry": "proximity",
      "origin": "editorial-reconstruction",
      "reason": "给这一类立一个基准：位置本身就在传达分组。",
      "name": "接近律",
      "type": "principle",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/proximity/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/proximity.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 2,
      "entry": "recognition",
      "origin": "editorial-reconstruction",
      "reason": "补上“不要让用户从记忆里找”的一条，机制在于让选项可见。",
      "name": "识别优于回忆",
      "type": "principle",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/recognition/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/recognition.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 3,
      "entry": "similarity",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上位置之外的分组线索，说明不相邻的元素也能被感知为一组。",
      "name": "相似律",
      "type": "principle",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/similarity/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/similarity.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 4,
      "entry": "figure-ground",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上“什么是主体、什么是衬托”的分离机制，与分组不是同一回事。",
      "name": "图形与背景",
      "type": "principle",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/figure-ground/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/figure-ground.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 5,
      "entry": "fitts-law",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上一条量化模型，说明这一类里也存在可计算的约束。",
      "name": "菲茨定律",
      "type": "principle",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/fitts-law/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/fitts-law.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 6,
      "entry": "hick-hyman-law",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上选项数量与选择时间的关系，机制与识别优于回忆不同。",
      "name": "希克–海曼定律",
      "type": "principle",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/hick-hyman-law/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/hick-hyman-law.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 7,
      "entry": "visibility-of-system-status",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "把“系统要说明当前状态”提到原则层，具体实现落在微交互类。",
      "name": "系统状态可见性",
      "type": "principle",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/visibility-of-system-status/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/visibility-of-system-status.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 8,
      "entry": "consistency",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上跨情境的措辞与行为一致，与平台惯例一并考虑。",
      "name": "一致性与标准",
      "type": "principle",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/consistency/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/consistency.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 9,
      "entry": "error-prevention",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上“在问题发生前消除条件”，区别于把错误信息写好。",
      "name": "错误预防",
      "type": "principle",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/error-prevention/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/error-prevention.json"
    },
    {
      "seat": 10,
      "entry": "user-control",
      "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
      "reason": "补上“随时可以退出”的出口要求，是撤销与重做在原则层的依据。",
      "name": "用户控制与自由",
      "type": "principle",
      "page": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/user-control/",
      "json": "https://designvocabulary.com/zh/entries/user-control.json"
    }
  ],
  "list": {
    "id": "P-C",
    "category": "principle",
    "edition": "classic",
    "name": {
      "zh": "原则与认知机制 · 经典基础",
      "en": "Principles & cognition · Classic foundation"
    },
    "headline": {
      "zh": "UX 设计原则 Top 10：10 大经典可用性与认知法则",
      "en": "Top 10 Classic UX Design Principles and Usability Laws"
    },
    "note": "原则与认知机制的经典基础：来自长期沿用的可用性与认知讨论，不是效果排名。",
    "keywords": [
      "UX 设计原则",
      "可用性原则",
      "设计心理学",
      "菲茨定律",
      "希克定律",
      "格式塔原则",
      "尼尔森启发式",
      "认知负荷"
    ],
    "lead": "这一版收录的是判断界面时可以拿来用的认知机制与可用性原则。它们不是风格偏好：说“这里分组不清楚”时，你其实在引用其中某一条。",
    "criteria": [
      "来自长期沿用的可用性或认知讨论，并有可核实的出处。",
      "能说明它通过什么机制起作用，而不只是给出一句忠告。",
      "与同类里相邻的原则机制不同，不是同一条的换词说法。"
    ],
    "pairing": "与《原则与认知机制 · 2026 关注》相比，这一版更少依赖特定技术语境；重合的条目说明这条原则在新场景下被重新提出。",
    "evidence": "原则之间没有总分高低，它们从不同角度同时成立。其中两条是量化模型，适用范围以其原始研究条件为准，见词条来源。",
    "seats": [
      {
        "seat": 1,
        "entry": "proximity",
        "origin": "editorial-reconstruction",
        "reason": "给这一类立一个基准：位置本身就在传达分组。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 2,
        "entry": "recognition",
        "origin": "editorial-reconstruction",
        "reason": "补上“不要让用户从记忆里找”的一条，机制在于让选项可见。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 3,
        "entry": "similarity",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上位置之外的分组线索，说明不相邻的元素也能被感知为一组。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 4,
        "entry": "figure-ground",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上“什么是主体、什么是衬托”的分离机制，与分组不是同一回事。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 5,
        "entry": "fitts-law",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上一条量化模型，说明这一类里也存在可计算的约束。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 6,
        "entry": "hick-hyman-law",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上选项数量与选择时间的关系，机制与识别优于回忆不同。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 7,
        "entry": "visibility-of-system-status",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "把“系统要说明当前状态”提到原则层，具体实现落在微交互类。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 8,
        "entry": "consistency",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上跨情境的措辞与行为一致，与平台惯例一并考虑。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 9,
        "entry": "error-prevention",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上“在问题发生前消除条件”，区别于把错误信息写好。"
      },
      {
        "seat": 10,
        "entry": "user-control",
        "origin": "issue-1-ledger",
        "reason": "补上“随时可以退出”的出口要求，是撤销与重做在原则层的依据。"
      }
    ]
  }
}