站点页脚

本词条尚无可操作示例；插画为编辑示意，展示分组链接的排列，不代表已验证的实现。应用到产品前仍须确认没有任何必需的入口只存在于页脚，并在窄屏上检查折叠后的可达性。

{
  "states": [
    "wide",
    "compact"
  ],
  "a11y": [
    "页脚使用 contentinfo 地标，链接组各有可访问的标题",
    "折叠分组的展开控件说明自身状态，可用键盘操作"
  ],
  "motion": "展开折叠可以是瞬时的；减弱动态偏好下不做过渡"
}

{
  "id": "site-footer",
  "type": "layout",
  "name": {
    "zh": "站点页脚",
    "en": "Site Footer"
  },
  "aliases": [
    "Footer",
    "Fat Footer",
    "页脚",
    "胖页脚"
  ],
  "granularity": "component",
  "intents": [
    "navigate-sections",
    "organize-content"
  ],
  "tags": [
    "页脚",
    "次级导航",
    "法律信息",
    "联系方式",
    "实用链接"
  ],
  "definition": "每一页底部重复出现的横跨全宽区域，集中放置次级导航、联系方式、法律与政策链接，以及顶部导航不便容纳的实用入口。",
  "boundary": "本词条指站点级、跨页重复的页脚，不指单个页面末尾的内容段落，也不指应用界面底部的操作栏——后者承载当前任务的动作，页脚承载的是与任务无关的站点信息。\"胖页脚\"是它展开成多列站点地图的一种形态，不是另一个词条。页脚不是可以随意堆放内容的地方：它之所以低成本，是因为它出现在用户完成主要任务之后；一旦必需的信息只存在于页脚，这个前提就不成立了。",
  "signature": [
    "每一页底部出现同一套内容，位置与顺序一致",
    "链接按主题分组成列，而不是一串平铺的链接",
    "包含联系方式、法律与政策一类在顶部导航之外的入口"
  ],
  "when": [
    "站点有大量次级页面，顶部导航无法全部容纳",
    "用户会主动到底部寻找联系方式、条款或客服入口",
    "需要在每一页提供一致的法律与合规信息"
  ],
  "when_not": [
    "把用户完成任务所必需的入口只放在页脚",
    "页脚膨胀到需要单独滚动，反而挡住页面结束的信号",
    "内容页很短且站点只有几页，分组页脚显得空洞"
  ],
  "tradeoff": "页脚几乎不与主任务争夺注意力，因此增加内容的代价很低；也正因为它在最后，放在这里的东西默认不会被大多数人看到，不能承担必须被看见的信息。",
  "comparison": {
    "focus": "在主任务之后提供站点级的次要入口",
    "mechanism": "每页底部重复的分组链接区",
    "cost": "默认不被看见，不能承载必须被看到的信息"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "footer-nng",
      "title": "NN/g · Web Page Footers 101: Design Patterns and When to Use Each",
      "url": "https://www.nngroup.com/articles/footers/",
      "claim": "该文说明页脚对绝大多数网站都不是最高优先级目标，但它有一个很好的可用性特点：它不会挡住那些在页面上方就满足了需求的用户；文章还观察到用户常常直接到页脚寻找联系方式或客服入口，因此建议无论顶部是否有这些链接，页脚都应保留。本词条据此转述其定位与实用链接建议。",
      "checkedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "archive": {
        "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://www.nngroup.com/articles/footers/",
        "status": "available",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-16T13:25:40.579Z",
        "jobId": "spn2-db7ace296b16896be0596221cf990d6123d22eac",
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916132608/https://www.nngroup.com/articles/footers/",
        "timestamp": "20260916132608"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "footer-uswds",
      "title": "U.S. Web Design System · Footer",
      "url": "https://designsystem.digital.gov/components/footer/",
      "claim": "该组件把页脚定义为按主题分组的多列链接区，并提供窄屏下折叠为可展开分组的变体；本词条的分组与响应式描述据此转述。",
      "checkedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "archive": {
        "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://designsystem.digital.gov/components/footer/",
        "status": "available",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-16T13:26:19.785Z",
        "jobId": "spn2-d7c65eefddb6dec07a0b1a6b67edf7a8f0750eea",
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916132644/https://designsystem.digital.gov/components/footer/",
        "timestamp": "20260916132644"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "footer-ui-patterns",
      "title": "UI Patterns · Fat Footer design pattern",
      "url": "https://ui-patterns.com/patterns/FatFooter",
      "claim": "该模式把\"胖页脚\"描述为在页面底部展开成站点地图式的链接区，让用户在读完页面后仍有去处；本词条据此说明胖页脚是站点页脚的一种形态，而不是独立概念。",
      "checkedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "archive": {
        "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://ui-patterns.com/patterns/FatFooter",
        "status": "available",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-16T13:26:25.105Z",
        "jobId": "spn2-5edd904f4e803c1d8d7e17c42d1c68dfbb7e4d91",
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916132653/https://ui-patterns.com/patterns/FatFooter",
        "timestamp": "20260916132653"
      }
    }
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "target": "contact-page",
      "kind": "composes_with",
      "condition": "用户在页脚找到联系方式入口并需要完整信息",
      "reason": "页脚承担\"到哪里找\"，联系页承担\"完整信息与提交入口\"，两者分工互补。",
      "basis": "editorial"
    },
    {
      "target": "mega-menu",
      "kind": "alternative",
      "condition": "站点地图式的链接需要一个集中的呈现位置",
      "reason": "超级菜单在顶部按需展开，适合进入任务前的导航；页脚常驻底部，适合任务完成之后，二者可以并存但服务不同时机。",
      "basis": "editorial"
    },
    {
      "target": "hidden-subscription",
      "kind": "conflicts_when",
      "condition": "取消、退订或注销的入口只存在于页脚深处",
      "reason": "页脚默认不被注意，把退出路径藏在这里等于提高退出成本。",
      "basis": "editorial"
    }
  ],
  "rules": [
    {
      "when": "页脚包含法律、隐私或客服入口",
      "instruction": "在每一页保持相同的位置与措辞，并保证这些链接可键盘到达、可被读屏识别为一组导航。",
      "strength": "must",
      "basis": "editorial"
    },
    {
      "when": "页脚在窄屏上会占据很多屏幕高度",
      "instruction": "把分组折叠为可展开的区块，保留组标题作为可读的结构，而不是直接隐藏内容。",
      "strength": "recommend",
      "basis": "editorial"
    }
  ],
  "behavior": {
    "states": [
      "wide",
      "compact"
    ],
    "a11y": [
      "页脚使用 contentinfo 地标，链接组各有可访问的标题",
      "折叠分组的展开控件说明自身状态，可用键盘操作"
    ],
    "motion": "展开折叠可以是瞬时的；减弱动态偏好下不做过渡"
  },
  "demo": null,
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "editorialStatus": "drafted",
  "requirements": [],
  "demoCapabilities": [],
  "implementationNote": "本词条尚无可操作示例；插画为编辑示意，展示分组链接的排列，不代表已验证的实现。应用到产品前仍须确认没有任何必需的入口只存在于页脚，并在窄屏上检查折叠后的可达性。",
  "image": {
    "src": "/images/site-footer.webp",
    "alt": "一张名为 FIELDNOTES 的虚构页面底部示意：深色横幅横跨整宽，内部分成四列带小标题的灰色占位链接条，最下方一行是版权与政策链接条。"
  },
  "searchTerms": [
    "footer",
    "secondary navigation",
    "legal",
    "contact",
    "utility links"
  ]
}