语音消息

本词条尚无可操作示例；插画为编辑示意，其中的对话内容均为虚构。应用到产品前仍须确认每条语音都有可用的文字等效内容，并在无法外放的情境下验证可用性。

{
  "states": [
    "idle",
    "recording",
    "sent",
    "playing",
    "transcribed"
  ],
  "a11y": [
    "录制与发送有不依赖长按的等效操作",
    "播放控件可键盘操作，时长与进度以文字形式可读"
  ],
  "motion": "录音波形是状态反馈；减弱动态偏好下改用静态时长与进度文字"
}

{
  "id": "voice-message",
  "type": "interaction",
  "name": {
    "zh": "语音消息",
    "en": "Voice Message"
  },
  "aliases": [
    "Voice Note",
    "Audio Message",
    "语音条",
    "语音留言"
  ],
  "granularity": "flow",
  "intents": [
    "state-intent",
    "provide-alternative"
  ],
  "tags": [
    "语音",
    "聊天",
    "录音",
    "转写",
    "异步"
  ],
  "definition": "在对话中录制并发送一段短音频，接收方可以随时播放：它以异步的方式传递语气与细节，通常附带时长，并可提供文字转写作为等效内容。",
  "boundary": "语音消息是异步的：发送方录完即走，接收方自行决定何时听，这与通话要求双方同时在场不同。它也不是语音输入——语音输入把说话转成文字再发送，语音消息发送的是音频本身。这一模式把成本从发送方转移到接收方：说一句话比打一句话快，但听一分钟音频没有扫一眼文字快，也无法被搜索。因此本词条把\"提供文字等效内容\"视为必需，而不是锦上添花：在嘈杂环境、不方便外放的场合，以及对听障用户而言，没有转写的音频就是不可达的内容。",
  "signature": [
    "录制与发送在对话内一步完成，不离开当前界面",
    "消息以时长与波形呈现，可暂停与定位播放",
    "接收方自行决定何时收听，无需双方同时在场"
  ],
  "when": [
    "内容依赖语气、情绪或口头细节，文字难以传达",
    "发送方不便打字，例如在移动中或双手占用时",
    "内容较长且结构松散，口述比逐字输入更自然"
  ],
  "when_not": [
    "内容包含地址、金额、时间一类需要被准确抄录的信息",
    "没有提供文字转写，接收方在嘈杂或听不见的情境中无法获取内容",
    "信息需要被后续搜索、引用或转发给他人查阅"
  ],
  "tradeoff": "录音把发送的成本压到最低，代价是接收成本变高且不对称：音频必须按真实时长播放，无法扫读、无法搜索，也在很多情境下根本无法播放。",
  "comparison": {
    "focus": "在异步对话中传递语气与口头细节",
    "mechanism": "对话内一步录制发送，接收方自行播放",
    "cost": "接收成本高，且无转写时内容不可达"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "voice-message-whatsapp",
      "title": "Wikipedia · WhatsApp",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp",
      "claim": "该条目记载 WhatsApp 允许用户发送文字消息、语音消息与视频消息，并在时间线中记录该服务于 2013 年 8 月引入语音消息功能；本词条据此确认这一模式在主流即时通讯中的存在与大致引入时间，不引用其市场数据。",
      "checkedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "archive": {
        "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp",
        "status": "pending",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-16T17:35:01.950Z",
        "error": "status-request-failed",
        "jobId": "spn2-1296901c4e7a4f0d1af8d9d95d72212043034eb8"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "voice-message-w3c-1-2-1",
      "title": "W3C · Understanding SC 1.2.1: Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded) (WCAG 2.2, Level A)",
      "url": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/audio-only-and-video-only-prerecorded.html",
      "claim": "该成功准则的要点是\"当内容只能通过一种感官被感知时，提供一种替代形式\"，目标是让纯音频与纯视频内容能被更多人理解；本词条据此把文字转写列为语音消息的必需项，具体符合性要求以规范为准。",
      "checkedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "archive": {
        "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916*/https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/audio-only-and-video-only-prerecorded.html",
        "status": "pending",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-16T17:35:04.265Z",
        "error": "status-request-failed",
        "jobId": "spn2-ba5b38af5115ea58e85affcae13f986354907ac7"
      }
    }
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "target": "perceivable-alternatives",
      "kind": "realized_by",
      "condition": "消息的内容只以音频形式存在",
      "reason": "转写是这一模式的等效文本形式；没有它，内容对一部分接收方完全不可达。",
      "basis": "editorial"
    },
    {
      "target": "conversational-interface",
      "kind": "composes_with",
      "condition": "语音消息出现在以对话为主线的界面中",
      "reason": "对话界面提供消息的时间线与上下文，语音条只是其中一种消息形式。",
      "basis": "editorial"
    },
    {
      "target": "ai-label",
      "kind": "composes_with",
      "condition": "转写由自动语音识别生成",
      "reason": "自动转写会出错，尤其在专有名词与数字上；应标明它是机器生成并保留原始音频供核对。",
      "basis": "editorial"
    }
  ],
  "rules": [
    {
      "when": "产品支持发送语音消息",
      "instruction": "为每条语音提供文字转写或等效说明，并让接收方无需播放即可获知内容。",
      "strength": "must",
      "basis": "editorial"
    },
    {
      "when": "转写由自动识别生成",
      "instruction": "标明它是机器生成、可能有误，并保留原始音频供核对，不要把它呈现为准确记录。",
      "strength": "must",
      "basis": "editorial"
    }
  ],
  "behavior": {
    "states": [
      "idle",
      "recording",
      "sent",
      "playing",
      "transcribed"
    ],
    "a11y": [
      "录制与发送有不依赖长按的等效操作",
      "播放控件可键盘操作，时长与进度以文字形式可读"
    ],
    "motion": "录音波形是状态反馈；减弱动态偏好下改用静态时长与进度文字"
  },
  "demo": null,
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "editorialStatus": "drafted",
  "requirements": [],
  "demoCapabilities": [],
  "implementationNote": "本词条尚无可操作示例；插画为编辑示意，其中的对话内容均为虚构。应用到产品前仍须确认每条语音都有可用的文字等效内容，并在无法外放的情境下验证可用性。",
  "image": {
    "src": "/images/voice-message.webp",
    "alt": "一张虚构聊天界面示意：一条语音消息气泡内有播放按钮、波形与时长标记，气泡下方是一段带\"转写\"小标签的灰色占位文字条，输入栏右侧是一个麦克风按钮。"
  },
  "searchTerms": [
    "voice",
    "chat",
    "recording",
    "transcript",
    "asynchronous"
  ]
}