可持续设计

本条目尚无可操作的演示;配图为编辑性示意图。应用到具体产品前,必须实测该产品的传输字节、真实设备上的能耗与性能表现,不能直接套用本条目中的示例数字。

{
  "values": [
    "资源节制",
    "长期可用性"
  ],
  "tension": "视觉与功能丰富度同资源开销之间的取舍",
  "questions": [
    "这项改动增加或减少了多少可测量的传输字节、计算开销?",
    "这个体验是否要求用户更换设备才能继续使用?",
    "能耗或碳排放的说法是否标注了所依据的模型?"
  ]
}

{
  "id": "sustainable-design",
  "type": "philosophy",
  "name": {
    "zh": "可持续设计",
    "en": "Sustainable Design"
  },
  "aliases": [
    "Green Software",
    "低碳设计",
    "Web Sustainability"
  ],
  "granularity": "experience",
  "intents": [
    "reduce-resource-use",
    "extend-device-life"
  ],
  "tags": [
    "资源消耗",
    "页面重量",
    "能耗",
    "设备寿命",
    "加载体积"
  ],
  "definition": "在设计数字产品时主动降低其在整个生命周期中对传输字节、计算与设备的资源需求,包括产品鼓励的使用行为,而不是靠更换设备来维持体验。",
  "boundary": "不等同于平静技术:平静技术优化的是信息是否打断用户注意力,可持续设计优化的是传输字节、计算与设备寿命等资源开销,两者可以共存但目标不同。也不等同于笼统的环保口号——每一项改动都应以实测传输字节等指标为依据,能耗或碳排放数字须注明所依据的模型,不可当作精确测量结果宣称。",
  "signature": [
    "改动前后测量实际传输字节数,而非凭直觉判断",
    "优先让现有旧设备能继续完成核心任务,减少强制升级",
    "能耗或碳排放说法标注为特定模型的估算值,而非实测事实"
  ],
  "when": [
    "产品的流量、耗电或发热已成为用户或运营侧的实际痛点",
    "设计评审需要在视觉效果与传输字节、计算成本之间取舍",
    "目标用户群体中存在大量低端或使用年限较长的设备"
  ],
  "when_not": [
    "把可持续当作营销口号,却未测量任何实际字节或能耗数据",
    "把某个碳排放模型的估算值当作精确测量结果对外宣称",
    "为降低资源开销而牺牲无障碍访问或核心功能的可用性"
  ],
  "tradeoff": "降低资源需求往往要求减少视觉效果、动画或高分辨率素材,需要与体验目标、品牌表达和无障碍需求权衡。",
  "comparison": {
    "focus": "产品在整个生命周期中消耗的资源:传输字节、计算与设备",
    "mechanism": "先测量资源开销,再针对性精简资源并延长设备可用期限",
    "cost": "需要持续测量而非一次性优化,且能耗与碳排放数据本身存在模型不确定性"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "w3c-wsg",
      "title": "W3C · Web Sustainability Guidelines (Group Note Draft)",
      "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/2026/DNOTE-web-sustainability-guidelines-20260703/",
      "claim": "该文件于2026-07-03发布为候选说明(Group Note Draft),明确尚非W3C推荐标准;文中给出精简代码与数据文件、减少不必要计算、以及避免计划性淘汰并尽量保持旧设备兼容性等具体准则。",
      "checkedAt": "2026-09-15",
      "archive": {
        "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://www.w3.org/TR/2026/DNOTE-web-sustainability-guidelines-20260703/",
        "status": "pending",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-16T05:56:15.973Z",
        "error": "status-request-failed",
        "jobId": "spn2-7f00789ec778634d39998502ca32d353d9c55ed5"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "webdev-compression",
      "title": "web.dev · Reduce network payloads using text compression",
      "url": "https://web.dev/articles/reduce-network-payloads-using-text-compression",
      "claim": "说明对CSS、JavaScript、HTML等文本类资源做压缩与精简,可将其传输字节减少约六到八成,是控制页面传输重量的具体做法。",
      "checkedAt": "2026-09-15",
      "archive": {
        "lookupUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915*/https://web.dev/articles/reduce-network-payloads-using-text-compression",
        "status": "available",
        "checkedAt": "2026-09-16T05:56:53.760Z",
        "jobId": "spn2-bdca21e4614b32857643e11962b7b49e8a7f6f24",
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260916055719/https://web.dev/articles/optimizing-content-efficiency-optimize-encoding-and-transfer",
        "timestamp": "20260916055719"
      }
    }
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "target": "calm-technology",
      "kind": "related",
      "condition": "同时关注注意力与资源开销时",
      "reason": "平静技术优化的是打断与注意力,可持续设计优化的是传输字节与设备寿命等资源;目标不同,应分别评估,不应互相替代。",
      "basis": "editorial"
    },
    {
      "target": "privacy-by-design",
      "kind": "related",
      "condition": "决定默认收集与传输哪些数据时",
      "reason": "减少默认收集与传输的数据量,往往同时降低传输字节与用户暴露的隐私风险。",
      "basis": "editorial"
    },
    {
      "target": "universal-design",
      "kind": "composes_with",
      "condition": "为处于不同设备与网络条件的用户设计核心体验时",
      "reason": "让旧设备与弱网络下的用户仍能完成核心任务,与泛用设计追求的可达成目标一致。",
      "basis": "editorial"
    }
  ],
  "rules": [
    {
      "when": "评审新增素材或功能对资源的影响",
      "instruction": "先测量它对传输字节数的实际影响,再决定是否精简、延迟加载或替换方案。",
      "strength": "must",
      "basis": "editorial"
    },
    {
      "when": "对外描述能耗或碳排放",
      "instruction": "注明该数字来自某个具体模型的估算并写出模型名称,不得作为实测事实呈现。",
      "strength": "must",
      "basis": "editorial"
    },
    {
      "when": "为长期维护设计交互与视觉",
      "instruction": "优先保证功能可在现有旧设备上继续使用,避免默认以更新设备为前提。",
      "strength": "recommend",
      "basis": "editorial"
    }
  ],
  "philosophy": {
    "values": [
      "资源节制",
      "长期可用性"
    ],
    "tension": "视觉与功能丰富度同资源开销之间的取舍",
    "questions": [
      "这项改动增加或减少了多少可测量的传输字节、计算开销?",
      "这个体验是否要求用户更换设备才能继续使用?",
      "能耗或碳排放的说法是否标注了所依据的模型?"
    ]
  },
  "demo": null,
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "editorialStatus": "drafted",
  "requirements": [],
  "demoCapabilities": [],
  "implementationNote": "本条目尚无可操作的演示;配图为编辑性示意图。应用到具体产品前,必须实测该产品的传输字节、真实设备上的能耗与性能表现,不能直接套用本条目中的示例数字。",
  "image": {
    "src": "/images/sustainable-design.webp",
    "alt": "一张编辑插画:画面左侧是虚构的FIELDNOTES页面,右侧一排秤砣状方块从左到右逐渐变小,并配有简洁的叶片图案与一台仍在使用的旧款设备剪影。"
  },
  "searchTerms": [
    "resource use",
    "page weight",
    "energy use",
    "device longevity",
    "asset weight"
  ]
}